April i, 1899.1 
THE TROPICAL AQRIOtlLTURlST. 
773 
op'uiOD, be advisable to preserve this tree for the 
flake of its properties as a. dyd>wool which is largely 
imported into Englaud frou the West ladips. The 
tree U ohiefiy found in the Cbauchamayo and upper 
end of the Pereni^ Valleys. 
Vi?QRTABLK IvoRv. — This is the proluct of a palm 
{Fhytelej^has viacrocurpa) found very abnndautly on 
the slopes of the hilU at an elevation of from 4,500 
feet to the neighbourhood of tbo Oasoadea. 
It may bo oaslly distinguished by the peculiar block 
rouud spicey fruit, whioh eucloscs seeds of about the 
size of an ordinary poach. The valu.? of this product' 
is not rooo,{uised by the ladiaus of the Perecd, 
although I am irdormed that Inrge quantities are 
shipped to Para from the neighbourbood of the Uoa* 
yai River, 
The seeds are largely exported to England and the 
Goutiuent for the purpose of making stnda, buttons, 
and such like artiehs, and are sold at prices ranging 
from £16 to £20 per ton. Lirge quantities of these 
seeds could be oolleoted. 
Veqetablh Wax.— This is the product of a palm 
{('opemicia^ cerifera) commonly known as ** Curnsuba 
P.vira,’* which is found growing extensively on tho 
higher reaches of tha vaiioy at au elevation ot about 
4,200 feet. The plant attains a height of about 20 feet, 
and can be distingnisbeJ by (he asbey grey wax powder 
found more esppcially upon surface of tho youug foHago. 
This wax, although not collected in this valley, is 
largely exported from Rrazit to Kuropo, whore it is 
chiefly used iu the mauafa ture of candles and for like 
pnrposes. 
Divi Divi.— This hard-woodod tree {CceMlpinia 
eoriaHa) of medium fl'xe ts eommou throughout the 
valley, at a^ont 3,000 feet elovation. The straugoly 
twisted pod of this tree is a powftil astrii gont, and is 
exported from the West lodios to England aud to tho 
United Stntt^s for tanning purposes. This article oould 
be used ou the coast, not shipped to England. 
Rubber (/M>sa This is tbo tree tho 
rubber of wbioh is so highly valued, aud u imported 
into England from tbo Loighbourhood of tho 
tributaries ci the Amazon. 
From personal observations I cannot report upon it 
as growing in largo numberd in any of the districts visi- 
ted by m*‘, although specimens were fonnd in the region 
of the Peroo^ At 1,100 feet eievatiou. It is iiuportaui, 
buwever, to uote that, on repeated enquirits on my 
part from indiviiluala who had visited iho rubber pro- 
ducing localities, I was assured that the mpply of this 
prodnot is within reasouable distauces of the Pereud 
Valley, beiug largely found io the locality of the rivers 
Pichis, Paohitea aud Uoayaii. 
With the destruction and uitiinato death of all rubber 
yielding plants under tho present system of collecting 
that product in the Amazonio region has ariseu the 
necessity of providing for future demands, and already 
extensive plantations are under cultivation io Ooylou 
aud elsewhoro. 
In view of this fact 1 wonld strongly recommend 
the planting-np of exteneivo tracts of land with this 
product— one of the most remuuerative in tropioal 
agriculture— the commercial value of which is cer- 
tainly on the iuoreaso. 
Yucca.— Yucca, maize, sweet potatoes, the nut of 
a palm {Euterpe etittiis.) with lish, form almost tho 
only articles of food, and upon thetie the natives 
Rianage to build up a strong, healthy and muBcular 
flystciii, “Yucca’’ (.yfanihot utilitia.'ttmu.) holds the 
same place as a food co the ludiau as done rice to 
tbo Madrasee. It is very abundaut over tho Ohan- 
ohimayo and Perecd regions, growing to perfoctiou 
*n the gardens rf the natlvea, the roots or vams 
attaining a large size. Those when properly boiled 
torm an excellent vegetable, aud are quitii jiaUtablc 
to the taato of European, They were tho chief 
of diet during my expedition into the iuteiior. 
Iho plant is cultivated at elevations ol 5,000 f« et 
^ud under. A period of six to eight mouths olapacs 
the yams att dn to maturity. 
Maize.— This grain grows < qually well in this dis- 
trict generally round the huts of the natives. A surti- 
cient supply ia alwa 3 h maiutaiuod for their own wants. 
iviCE, — Although the laud is extremely suitable for 
97 
the cultivation of rice, that grain is not grown 
throughout the valley. 
The gen r\J configuration of the whole of this great 
extent of country i-, for the purposes ef tropical 
agriculture, of tho hnest possible desoriptiou. 
Nothing in my opinion could surpass tlie suita- 
bility of the soil, tho lay of land, and tbo climatto 
oonditions generally, to the most eucoessful of 
ouitivat one. 
From the Great Andean range of mountains, rising to 
an elevation, of over 22,060 feet, the general tendeacy 
and ^lope of tho whole country ii one continuous falf, 
broken here oud there with bills rising above the 
general elevution. This characteristic feature exleuda 
throughout the entire valley of the Porene, resulting io 
(he formation of a valuable tropical region. 
With 80 e.Ttensivoa stretch of country, I need hardly 
p lot out, there must be of necessity a variety of situ* 
atious, each in ita own way more adapted to a par- 
ticular branch of agricnlturo ; and in the looation 
of tho difforout products depends mu^ of 
success or otherwiso of any probable enter- 
prise. I have much ph asure, therefore, in ossuring 
the Oorporatiou that there are here present the 
cuuditions requlrod to meet tbo succca&ful ouUivation 
of the products 1 now intend eoumerating. 
From its commercial importance I am of opinion 
that oofleo might form ouQ of the chief produote ol 
lha Pereud Valley ; aud in support of this view I have 
only to refer the Dire tors to the most satisfactory 
ootidiiiou of this industry in the Obauobamayo Valley, 
already reported upon by mej conditions which, I 
believe, would find a parallel in this rogioo. 
Judging fiom nUitudo (aud consequently climate) 
as the chief factor in the prolnction of a bighclass 
coffee, the Perend Valley offers most tavourable con- 
ditions. Extousivo tificts of land can bo obtained for 
this product at an elevation of between 3,000 and 5,500 
or 6,000 feet. 
From tho fact that cocoa ia hero found growing 
wild, presenting a luxuriance of growth such as the 
most favoured countries engaged in its cultivation 
cannot offer, and, from a por^onal knowlodgs of the 
requiremeiitfl of tho moat profitable varietier, I oau 
report that the large extent of land within the elevs- 
tious of from 2,700 to 1,050 feet include^ a soitablo 
area lor the cultivation of lhi^ equally r''mnnerative 
product. 
The cullivatioa of tho sugar cano beiiig h(^o inde* 
peudent of irrigation, iherc-atrictiun of the area suitable 
to its growth is not so limito 1. In the more tropical 
parts it would, therefore, prove another and not loss 
profitable product to those enumirated. 
lu treating of the three preceding products, it will 
have been observed that they raoh occupy separate 
or distinct ranges of elovation, and oomcquently 
divisious of tho wliole aro>; the elevatrd or cooler 
region being bettor adapted to coffee; tho Interme- 
diate or warmer district for cocoa; and the level or 
more tropical Und for eug*r cane. Embraced in these 
three divisions are the conditions requited by a number 
of coouomic pl.iuts ;aDd I would here enumerate these, 
which, with the products fi und wiM, are capable of 
bving cultivated with equally satisfactory results. 
Tea, cardamoms (both varirties) and cinchona ; 
rubber, pepper, nutmeg, clove, allspice, gambier, indigo, 
Liberii’.n coffee, tobacco, and mamla hemp ; with rice, 
coconut, and the arcca nut. 
To ihesol would add tho cola uut plsnt, a product 
which is now attracting counideraUd alteution, aud 
which requires tho warm damp valleys, or similar 
conditions to that of cocoa. 
That au efficient aud expediliotis means < f transport 
to the gr«-‘at nru'-keta of the world is absolutely 
necessary to the aucceshful developmo.it of any country 
ia w: 11 known. 
In (be preaeut railway system, extendirg, practioslly 
sptakiug, to Oiuyo, the iotorior regions of Peru will 
have an outlet h r ihoir geuerMi ptodueo; but 1 am 
of opinion that the opera tfons which are already engaged 
iii around T ^rms, tho OhAnehsmayo Valley, aud, still 
further the more extensive iodiwlrios which tho opening 
up of tbo new territory will necessarily create would 
warrant my recommending the Direclors to extend 
