888 
THE TiROHCAL AfctftlOULTURIST. 
[Juke i, 1892. 
These lands raDgiug in altitude from 6,000 feet to 
under 1,000 feet above sea level, are densel; wooded, 
save whero broken by psjonals (grassy areas), and 
abound in valuablo and roagniOcent timber trees. The 
lay is chiefly undulating, though here and there pre- 
cipitous, but it is also in parts flat and etsy of irrigation. 
The Eio I'erene which iiitersecls longitudinally our 
selcctioD, is a large river into which from north and 
south streams of some volume flow. The land sel- 
ected extends to 20 kilometres, or 12J miles, north 
and south of the river and from Port M ertheman 
eastward to the terminus of navigation near the 
confluenoe of the Perend with the Kee, with a like 
distance on both shores of the Eno from its mouth 
for a dista.uoe of 20 kilometres ascending. Port 
Worthemiin is sitnatad at tlie coiifluoneo of thoEio 
Pancartambo with the Ohanohamayo, wlioro these 
rivers become the Rio Perond. 
Tho rood from Tarma to Cerro do I’aaco is the 
.same, for six miles, as the route from Tarma to 
Chanchamayo. At Acobamba it turns to tlie left or 
north throngh on easy lying and fertile valley of no 
great breadth. Near Cacas steep ascents — first 
throngh a rocky and precipitous gorge, and then over 
the i’uiro — have to bo surmounted. 
From the summit the country opens out into a 
flat grazing plain of groat extent, with some undula- 
tions at the far end, reaching Cerro de I'asco, 
through Jnnin and Carlmamayo, whence via Ninacaca 
a road branches off towards Hiiaucabamha and Pozuzo. 
Cerro de Pasco, tho centre of a great silver mining 
industry, is cold and bleak. It is situated on a low 
terrace" on the shoulder of a high slope of the 
Cordillera, and is partly surrounded on tho east and 
north by rocky mountain ranges. The road towards 
Hnanuoo, after crossing for a short distance tho 
plain in which are the silver mines, leads past tlie 
source of tho Rio Huallaga, down a steep, wild, 
rugged fjorge, and theuco throngh more undulating 
and richly cultivated ground to Huarriaca, whore 
there is a comfortable lioatelry. 
From tho latter place to Ambo, after hugging 
the river, the road is carried along the face of a 
series of precipitous mcuntains.dowu to tbeUunlUga, 
hundreds of feet below. Before teaching Ambo we 
raw tho first coffee field. 
Unanuoo is resciied from Ambo by a flat wide 
road, wbioli, at its northern end, runs through a fine 
avenue of Euoalypli and other stately trees, and the 
route of which lies near to the UuallaB a, intersecting 
a richly onltivaled valley. The bills on either side 
ate hare and dry, the only growth visible being large 
Cacti. All cultivation is carried on by meaus of 
irrigation. Rain falls or'y at periods durinir the rainy 
season, from November to May. There are no forest 
trees, nor is there any forest nearer to Huanuoo than 
15 leagues or 46 miles. 
Returning vis Cerro de Pasco, the road lesds through 
the Paropa of Junin towards and arounl the lake 
of that name. The Pampa is very extensive and 
the lake is a magnificent sheet [of water. Around 
the lake graze herbs of cattle and sheep, and 
there are many kinds of water-fowl. The road 
via lucapiloa and San Bias pastes through a great 
extent of Puna, at varying altitudes, to Banios, 
where are hot springs and an hostlery. Tbe latter 
place is situated in a fine grazing oountry, and 
close to streams about which their is an abnndanoo 
of wild dneks, geese and other wild fowl. 
The plain connecting Jauja with Huancajo is 
30 to 40 miles long, by abont ten in breadth, in- 
cluding tbe raised tableland on the west. From 
Huarripnmpa the Oroya river intersects the plain, 
which it, in parts, overflows. Numerous towns shd 
villages are situated throughout the valley, which 
possesses rich and fertile soil, an excellent climate 
and an abundant population. Jsuja, Coner peion, and 
Huancayo are towns of some size and importance, 
and are tho centres of ooi siderablo trade as well as 
the resort of invalids suffering fioni pulmcnary com- 
plainis. At oil thsfe towns fhtre are geod hotels. 
Nearly half-way between Jauja and Huaneayo, and 
situated at the foot oV the sleep hills up and over 
wbioli Ua,da the rosd to .Oomiis and Ancismaroa, is 
the Convent of Cioopa, the chief seat of the Fratcis- 
plan bcotbetbeod. 
Tho rnad to Comas ascends to 15,000 feet above 
sea level, at which altitude, down to 12,000 feet, tho 
greiter portion of it lies. Comas is a small town or 
village situated cu a saddle between two deep valleys. 
Agriculture is the only pursuit of tho inhabitants 
who till their ground entirely by means of wooden 
implements of very primitive constrnc.tion. The 
country is exceedingly rough and wild, and is 
bare of anything W grars. It is essentially a 
grazing country where not loo high; but for 
the most part it is cold and bh ak, with hardly 
a shelter or the possibility of procuring food for man 
or beast. 
Malapa, a small village at 8,100 feet, and Audamaroa, 
likewise o( small extent, at 8,300 feet al'itude, silnated 
about two miles apart, in a deep recces amoi g pre- 
cipitous mountaius. Neither these villagis nor the 
country around have any attractions excepliug the wild 
grandeur of the reeky and anow-olad ranges — through 
which tho bridle trncli threads its way — and their utter 
uolatioD and rorosntic surroundii gs. 
LOCAirTV AND KXTENT OF LAND fKLKCTKD. 
The best available land within easy distance of tho 
Oroya Railway, ») d suitable for Ceffee, Cacao and 
other tropical pro nets, we fonnd to be in tbe Perene 
Valley, about lat 11 S., long. 75 \V., allitudo from 
4,30(1 down to 1,050 feet above sea level. Tbe area 
might be indefinitely extended from Fangoa on tbe 
one side, to Pozuzo on the other ; but taking only 
20 kilometres on each side of the River Pertne — 
ti averse d by us for 40 miles — we have about li 
million acres of almost unbrekou forest, of iiiexhans- 
tiblo fertility, and all, as far as wo could judge, 
admirably adapted for the succersful cultivation 
of every known tropical product. It feema hut a 
small patch from the vast n servos of this country; 
yet it is oapable of prodneing more coffee than the 
whole Eastern world at present supplies ; and ic 
will be remembered that when Ceylon was tho third 
coffee producing oountry, it had only 200,000 acres 
in cultivation, or about one-sixth of the extent seieoted 
in thePerene Valley. 
SjieciJicaMy our examination of the land commenced 
where the “Bueno" rivulet falls. into]; the Pi rene. The 
sititnde is 1,900 feet, and the rainfall is evidently 
ample. The land, rising from the river on tho north 
side, is somewhat steep, but with its riob open snb- 
soil is speoially well adapted for coffee ; and a tew 
thousand acres might bo planted here at an altitude 
of from 1,900 feet at the river up to 3,500 or 4,000 
feet on tho ridge. Immediately opposite — on the 
sooth side of the river — there ace a few hundred 
acrea of rich flat land, suitable for any tropical pro- 
duct; but here, as a rule, tbe north side is decidedly 
tho best. Pursuing our journey downwards -the 
river being at all times (jiiite navigable — we 
were greatly delighted with the ever-changing 
yet always enchanting scenery, tho rich but 
not over-dense, undergrowth, the gigantic trees, 
covered and festooned with creepers and parasiles, all 
indicating a forciug climate and virgin soil of amazing 
fertility. About three miles downwards we stopped 
to examine a salt spring, evidently indicating a salt 
mine at no great distance. From the fifth to the 
sixth mile a grassy ridge or “ pajoiial ” rises up to 
about 4,000 foet, in extent probably about 500 acres 
— a good point from wliieh to view the surrounding 
forest — while on the south side of the river there are 
iinmcrous patches of similar grassy Jaud. Beyond 
this there is a vast unbroken tract of the rlobest 
forest, from which occasional rivulols fall into tbe 
PerenS. 
Tbe largest tributaries received by the Pereiid come 
from the south side. “Tho Pichaua," about 10 miles 
from our sterling point, is a permanent stream of 
considerable voinme, snQicieut as a motive power for 
eny ordirary purpose (or which it may be required, 
while about 2(5 miles fstlher down, tho “ Ipuki,” about 
iqnal to tbe Tweid in volume, adds pslpably to the 
depth and force of the Perei 6. From the 15th to 
the 20th mile there is a large tract of flat alluvia 
land on the north side of tlio river, probably extimu 
ingto 1,500 or 2,000 acres, admirably adapted feX 
rice cnlture, for sugar cane, cacao, or for nutaetl*# 
