June i, 1892.J 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
915 
sensation at finding the little garden, in which one 
had walked and smoked after that breakfast with 
Sir William and the Governor, now occupied as 
stables for the large working team of Messrs. Fry, 
and part of the castle turned into a store for their 
box timber. But there are many other remarkable 
changes in Bristol, and it seems as if our guide had 
n curious facility for impressing them upon us. PIo 
takes us to Quay Street and introduces ua to the 
card box factory of the firm. We bad already in the 
stationery department of the main factory seen the 
cardboards cut into shape by various curious little 
machines and prepared for this outer shop. Her© 
the boxes are made and decorated and the tops 
embellished in gold with the naiiic-i of the firm. 
The atmosphere of one of the atelirrs was full of 
gold leaf. Stray bits of it here and there looked like 
golden butterflies, their fanciful motion aided once 
m a way as to realistic effect by a ray of snnshino 
that came in through an open window. Througliout 
this building there were heard the cheerful voices 
of girls whose division of labour began with a plain 
bit of cut cardboard aud ended in tlio porfocted box. 
Once more threading the traffic of the city, we come 
to premises where the firm has converted a com- 
paratively new building into a store chielly used for 
the Christmas fancy trade; here cases are being 
filled with chocolate dainties by scores of busy hands, 
while one floor is dedicated to tno makini^of “orange 
flavouring,” and a very attractive operation it would 
prove, we fancy, to most young people. Stacks of 
loaf sugar and baskets full of oranges are being used 
up. The oranges having been rubbed upon the sugar 
to extract the flavour of the rind, they are then returned 
to the baskets whi h are emptied iuto presses made on 
the prinoipalo of the cider-press. The juice is 
squeezed out with the impregnated sugar and the 
wiiole plaon is full of the orHUg^* vroves and 
music from sweet lutes ’ mi^ht bo added by the 
imaginative writer. 
From Quay Street we pa.'^s on to Nelson Street, and 
here, like tbe oiiokoo, the firm occupies snother neet 
built for other birds. This time it i.H the old Trade 
School that has been annexe 1 for a tin iutiustry. Tbe 
shops are fitted with remarkahle maobiues that dual 
with tin as easily as if it wer>* paper, cutting it, twistii.g 
it, making it into ranist^'r.s round and pquato with the 
greatest ease, but not without a net tain amount of 
Doifo and clattor. For instanco, them are machincH 
that at one operation make the tops and h >itomHof 
canisters, ombossiug them at the same time with ever- 
lasting Jabo s. 
There are other minor iadustii- s in wh'ch tln» firm 
is engaged — they make much of their own niachioery 
with the exoepriouof castings, for iustuuce— but it would 
need a week^s stay at Bristol snd an entire magazine to 
follow the ins aud ou's of this cocoa aud cboco'oa’e 
industry. We have ^nul nothing abuut its 
offices, its carts, its shipping arrangements, little 
about its history; nor paused to mention the political 
and judicial honours that belong to the family; 
these things are part of tbe hintory of Bristol ; but 
luxuriously ensconced in a Great Westuru railway 
carriage, with a rack full of lite-^Ary sonvonirH of the 
western country, and one of tho-e br'ght boxes of 
sweets made from the beans which the dusky mai lers 
are oollf^otiog in our first picture, it would have been 
impossible nut to think of a lew parting words about 
the liteniture of this “ fo^d for the gods” that 
takes so many people to prepare and provides so 
many with pleasant refreshment. 
White’s in St. James’s is the direct successor nf 
White’s Chocolate Hoa^e, which is represeutod with 
St. JameAs Palace iu the fourth plate of Hogarth’s 
Rake'n Progress. Chocolito was the excuse, gaming 
the object of Whito'e. Yet the beverage was much 
drunk and very fa hiooable in the days of The Tati tr 
and Specioitor. The Cocoa Tr e was aUo iu St- 
James’s Street. It was a T<«ry ho ise. De Foe men 
tions it to remark that “a Whig would no more go 
to tho Cocoa Tree, than a T.»ry would bo seen at 
the Coffee House of St. JHim's’s.” Kven-imlly Hie Ooooa 
Tree, like many of the taverns and ooffee hoaxes of 
(he time, developed into a club. As au iustaqoe of 
t '6 familiar terms which many of the men of fashioil 
perrai'.tcd bitweei themselves and the menifils of 
ihes') famous reiulezvons, it ia related that a favonrho 
waiter named Satnuel Spring, h vvmg occhaIou to write 
0 G* orge IV. when ho was Prince of Wales, com- 
m need hie letter ic these words: “Sam, the waiter 
at iiio Cocoa Tree, predeatu his complimeuts to the 
Prince of Wales. Next day the Prince saw Sa»r, 
and after a quiet lehuke as to the freedom of the 
st^letf his note, leriurkml; “ This may b« all very 
well bettvei n you and me, 8 tin, hnt yon will find it will 
not do with I ho Norudks and tbe Aruudeix." 
These pa8^i<'g iiiougbt^ with % few mental memo* 
r-inla as fo the literature of White’s, and the Oh'Mjo* 
IhIc lluuAe, have scarcely been aupplementel by a 
gUnco the evcDif g papers when we run s'lioothly 
in o Frith’s BailwAy Station, having made tbe journey 
of a hundred and eighteen m los in the timo that 
it wvMihi have taken the wits of St. James's to get from 
tho Cocoa Tree to llichmond. 
A PKUAK COFFEE ESTATE. 
Tho following notes by Sir Graeme Klphinstono 
are on tlm Waterloo Arabian Coffee Estate, Perak, 
and are from the Perak Oovernmenii Gazette : — 
Elevation. — The elevation of the average of the pre- 
sent opened area of Waterloo, and also of Uic Hurrouud- 
ing forest, which I consider most suitable for tho sue* 
ceasful cultivation of Arabian coffee, is some 2,300 feet. 
This elevation is Himilar to the elevation of what in 
Ceylon was termed tho lower districts, but, alUiough 
similar iu that respect, there is a very marked 
difference in the temperature, aud certainly the com- 
parison is favourable to Waterloo. I presume that 
the comparative coolness of tho Waterloo climate is 
mainly attributable to the fact of thoie being so large 
an adjacent area of high mountain ranges covered 
with virgin forest, and also to tho close proximity of 
the sea. 
Anyhow, there is no gainsaying the fact that at 
tho elevation of tho present uungalow, some 1,850 
feet, tho climate ia both pleasa^nt and salubrious. 
Quality of Soil. — Tho present opened area 
of Waterloo is in extent some 270 acres. In tho 
opened land there aro four distinctly different 
qualities of soil, and all of them seem to bo very 
suitable for the successful growth of coffee. Dr. 
Kidlcy, who visited Waterloo last month, was highly 
pleased with tho nature of tlic soils ho passed 
through, and agreed with my opinion as to their 
fertility; there is a very good average depth all over 
the estate of some 20 feet (this is a much greater 
average depth than iu any district in Ceylon). I 
cannot apeak with any certainty of what the soils 
may be deficient in, as I have not as yet been 
able to get samples analysed; but if, as both Dr. 
Bidley aud I believe, there may bo a doticienoy 
in lime, this deficiency can easily bo supplied from 
the adjacent lime-kilns. However, that fa as yet 
merely a conjecture, and at no very distant date 
I hope to have more certain iuformacioii to work 
upon. 
Aspect. — In Ceylon wo always preferred an 
eastern aspect, and here I find, from earoful ob- 
servation, that it is of equal importance. Water- 
loo has an almost uniform eastern aspect, and this, 
I consider, reflects considerable credit on those who 
first selected the land. Whenever I select land for 
coffee, I shall most certainly bo most careful to 
select forest land with as much of an oaetern 
aspect as can be obtained, and I would certainly 
advise intending planters to be careful on this point 
Rainfall and Climate.— The information I caii 
gather from the estate books leads me to believe that 
the total annual rainfall ia some 9.5 inches, and this 
apparently, divided over tho twelve months ; but, for 
want i)f exact records, I cannot speak with certainty 
as to the amount. Now a careful record is kept and 
will furnish correct data to go upon. From personal 
observation since the date ot my arrival on Uic lUh 
December, 1891, I have noted the fact that on no 
Biaglq (Jay has tlKjw boeo (SQn.Uuuoua mn, auci (}^ 
