301 
IMMOBILITY' 01' IT; A TUBES. 
manner in the language of the Indians bom in the Missions, 
or by those who, after having been taken from the woods, 
have learned Spanish. To designate the individuals who 
belong to the same tribe, they employ the expression mis 
parientes, my relations. 
With these causes, common to ail isolated classes, and 
the effects of which are observable among the Jews of 
Europe, among the different castes of India, and among 
mountain nations in general, are combined some other caused 
hitherto unnoticed. I have observed elsewhere, that it is 
intellectual culture which most contributes to diversify the 
features. Barbarous nations have a physiognomy of tribe 
or of horde, rather than individuality o”f look or features. 
The savage and civilized man are like those animals of an 
individual species, some of which roam in the forest, while 
others, associated with mankind, share the benefits and evils 
which accompany civilization. V arieties of form and colour 
are frequent only in domestic animals. IIow great is the 
difference, with respect to mobility of features and variety 
of physiognomy, between dogs which have again returned to 
the savage state in the New World, and those whose 
slightest caprices are indulged in the houses of the opulent! 
Both in men and animals the emotions of the soul are 
reflected in the features ; and the countenance acquires the 
hahit of mobility, in proportion as the emotions of the mind 
are frequent, varied, and durable. But the Indian of the 
Missions, being remote from all cultivation, influenced only 
by his physical wants, satisfying almost without difficulty 
his desn-es, in a favoured climate, drags on a dull, monoto- 
nous life. The greatest equality prevails among the members 
of the same community; and this uniformity, this sameness 
of situation, is pictured on the features of the Indians. 
Under the system of the monks, violent passions, such as 
i esentment and anger, agitate the native more rarely than 
" ben be lives in the forest. When man in a savage state 
yields to sudden and impetuous emotions, his physiognomy, 
till then calm and unruffled, changes instantly to convul- 
sive contortions. His passion is transient in proportion 
to its violence. With the Indians of the Missions, as I 
have often observed on the Orinoco, anger is less violent, 
less earnest, but of longer duration. Besides, in ever j con* 
