OKAMilATI CAL COSSTfi UCTIOJt. 
321 
ti nations remind us of the employment in the Sanscrit 
ot the auxiliary verbs as and bhu (asti and lhavati*); the 
Latin, of es and fu, otfus;\ the Biscayan, of izan, ucan, and 
, There are certain points in which idioms the most 
dissimilar concur one with another. That which is common 
m the intellectual organization of man is reflected in the 
general structure of language; and every idiom, however 
barbarous it may appear, discloses a regulating principle 
which has presided at its formation. 
The plural, in Tamanac, is indicated in seven different 
ways, according to the termination of the substantive, or 
according as it designates an animate or inanimate object.t 
In Chavma the plural is formed as in C'aribbee, in on) 
teure, ‘himself,’ tenrccon, ‘themselves;’ tanorocon, ‘those 
here;’ montaonoeon, ‘those below,’ supposing that the inter- 
locutor is speaking of a place where he was himself present • 
miyonocon , ‘those below,’ supposing lie speaks of a place 
where lie was not present. The Ohaymas have also the 
Castilian adverbs aqui and alia, shades ‘ of difference which 
can be expressed only by periphrasis, in the idioms of 
Germanic and Latin origin. 
Some Indians, who were acquainted with Spanish, assured 
us, that sis signified not only the sun, but also the Deity. 
This appeared to me the more extraordinary, as among all 
other American nations wo find distinct words for God and 
the sun. _ The Carib does not confound Tcmomsicabo, 
‘ the Ancient of Heaven,’ with veyou, ‘ the sun.’ Even 
the Peruvian, though a worshipper of the sun, raises his 
mind to the idea of a Being who regulates the movements 
of the stars. The sun, in the language of the Incas, hears 
radical * to carry,’ jarc (in the infinitive jareri), the result of which is. 
‘ carrying to be I.’ 
* In the branch of the Germanic languages we find Ihn under the 
forms him, List ; as, in (he forms vas, vast , vesutn (Bopp, p. 138). 
+ Hence fu-ero ; amav-issem; amav-eram : possum (pot -sum). 
+ Tamanacu, f a Tamanac ’ (plur. Tamanakemi) : Pongheme , a Spa- 
niard (properly ‘a man clothed’); Pongamo , Spaniards, or ‘ maa 
clothed.’ The plural in one characterizes inanimate objects : foj 
example, cene, f a thing;’ cenecne, ‘things:’ jeje , ‘a tree;’ jifocae* 
‘ trees/ 
YOL. i. 
r 
