78 
PARINiE. PARUS. 
sharp ; notches obsolete. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed 
by the feathers. Head rather large, roundish ; neck short ; 
body short, and rather full. Feet of moderate length, rather 
stout ; tarsus rather short, compressed, with eight distinct 
scutella ; toes large, the three anterior united as far as the 
second joint, the hind toe much stronger and flattened be- 
neath ; claws rather long, stout, arched, much compressed, 
acute. Plumage very soft, blended, and full. Feathers at 
the base of the bill directed forwards. Wings of moderate 
length, much rounded, with the first quill very small, the fourth 
and fifth longest. Tail rather long, slender, of twelve nar- 
row rounded feathers. Tongue emarginate and papillate a:^ 
the base, abrupt at the tip, with four bristles. (Esophagus 
narrow, without dilatation ; proventriculus oblong ; stomach 
a rather strong oblong gizzard, with the muscles distinct^ the 
epithelium dense, thin, longitudinally rugous ; intestine short, 
of moderate width ; coeca very small ; cloaca oblong. Tra- 
chea simple, with four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles. 
GENUS I. PARUS, Linn. TIT. 
Bill short, stout; upper mandible with the dorsal line 
slightly decurved toward the end, the edges overlapping, with 
a slight lobe or festoon near the base, destitute of notch, ra- 
ther acute ; lower mandible with the dorsal outline slightly 
convex, the edges direct, the tip rather acute. Nostrils 
roundish, covered by bristly feathers. Head rather large, 
roundish ; neck short. Feet proportionally large ; tarsus 
of moderate length ; hind toe very large and strong, the two 
lateral nearly equal, the outer adherent at the base ; claws 
large, much compressed, very acute. Wings of moderate 
length, convex. Tail long, or of moderate length, rounded 
or graduated, of twelve rather narrow feathers. 
125. 1. Parus bicolor, Linn. Tufted Titmouse. — Crested 
Titmouse. Great Chicadee, 
Prate XXXIX. Male and Female. 
