TURDIN^.. 85 : 
of the breast reddish-grey,, the rest of the lower parts pale brownish- 
grey. 
Male, 7i ; wing^ 4y|. Female, 6| ; wing, 
Columbia River, Rocky Mountains, and Fur Countries. Abundant. 
Migratory. 
Erythaca (Sialia) Arctiea, Arctic Blue Bird, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v.ii. 
p. 209. 
Arctic Blue Bird, Sialia Arctica, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 573. 
Arctic Blue Bird, Sylvia Arctiea, Aud. Om. Biog. v. v. p. 38. 
FAMILY XIL TURDIN.E. THRUSHES. 
Bill short, or of moderate length, rather strong, straight, 
compressed toward the end ; upper mandible with its dorsal 
outline a little convex and declinate, the tip small, rather 
acute, the notches small ; lower mandible with the angle 
rather short, of moderate width, the dorsal line straight, 
the sides convex, the tip acute. Head oblong, compressed, 
of moderate size ; neck rather short ; body moderate. Eyes 
of moderate size. External aperture of ear large and 
roundish. Feet of moderate strength ; tarsus compressed, 
with seven anterior scutella ; toes rather strong, compressed ; 
first, second, and fourth, nearly equal, third much longer, 
and adherent to the fourth at the base ; claws rather long, 
arched, compressed, laterally grooved, acute. Plumage 
rather blended. Bristles small. Wings of moderate length, 
broad, rounded ; the first quill very small, third and fourth 
longest. Tail of twelve feathers, varying in length. Tongue 
sagittate, and papillate at the base, slender, tapering, its 
tip slit. CEsophagus rather narrow, without crop ; proven- 
triculus oblong ; stomach a gizzard of moderate strength, 
its lateral and lower muscles distinct ; the epithelium dense 
and rugous ; intestine of moderate length ; cceca very small, 
cylindrical. Trachea simple, with four pairs of inferior 
laryngeal muscles. 
