86 
TURDIN^. CINCLUS. ORPHEUS. 
GENUS 1. CINCLUS, Bechst. DIPPER. 
Bill rather short, slender, slightly aseending, much com- 
pressed toward the end ; upper mandible with its dorsal line 
straight until toward the end, the ridge rounded, the sides 
convex, the edges somewhat inflected, with an obscure 
notch close to the narrow deflected tip ; lower mandible 
slightly bent upwards, the angle medial and very narrow, 
the dorsal line ascending and slightly convex, the tip narrow 
and rather acute. Nostrils linear, direct, exposed. Gene- 
ral form short, full, and compact. Head oblong, compress- 
ed. Legs strong ; tarsus of moderate length, compressed, 
covered anteriorly with a long undivided plate and four in- 
ferior scutella ; toes rather large and strong ; claws arched, 
much compressed, laterally grooved, that of the hind toe 
considerably larger. Plumage ordinary, rather blended. 
Bristles obsolete. Wings rather short, convex, rounded. 
Tail short, even. 
137. 1. Cinclus Americanus, Swains. American Dipper. 
Plate CCCLXX. Adult. Plate CCCCXXXV. Young. 
Head and neck chocolate-brown, upper parts very deep bluish- 
grey, lower somewhat lighter, and tinged anteriorly with brown. 
Young with the upper parts deep bluish-grey, the head and hind neck 
slightly tinged with brown ; lower parts lighter, the feathers margined 
with whitish, the throat with a slight tinge of brown. 
Male, 7h lOL 
Rocky Mountains. Oregon Territory, North California, Not 
abundant. 
Cinclus Pallasii, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 173. 
Cinclus Americanus, American Dipper, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii, 
p. 173. 
Black Water-Ouzel or Dipper, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 358. 
American Dipper, Cinclus Americanus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 493 ; v. v. p. 303. 
GENUS II. ORPHEUS, Swains. MOCKING-BIRD. 
Bill of moderate length or longish, rather slender, straight 
or slightly arched, broader than high at the base, com- 
