TURBINE. TURDUS. 
89 
A 
broader than high at the base, compressed toward the end, 
acute ; upper mandible with the ridge rather narrow, the 
sides convex toward the end, the notches small, the tip 
narrow ; lower mandible with the angle of moderate length, 
the dorsal line ascending, slightly convex, the sides round- 
ed, the tip narrow. Nostrils oblong, partially concealed by 
the feathers. Head of ordinary size, ovate ; neck rather 
short ; body rather full. Feet longish, rather strong ; tar- 
sus as long as the middle toe and claw ; hind toe rather 
stout ; lateral toes equal ; claws arched, compressed, acute. 
Plumage soft and rather blended. Wings of moderate 
length, rounded, the first quill very small, the third and 
fourth longest. Tail rather long, nearly even. 
142. 1. Turdus migratorius, Lmx. Migratory Thrush. — 
Robin. 
Plate CXXXI. Male, Female, and Young. 
Male with the bill yellow, the upper part and sides of the head 
black ; upper parts dark grey with an olivaceous tinge ; quills blackish- 
brown, margined with light grey ; tail brownish-black, the outer two 
feathers tipped with white ; three white spots about the eye, throat 
white, densely streaked with black ; lower part of fore neck, breast, 
sides, axillars, and lower wing-coverts reddish-orange; abdomen white ; 
lower tail-coverts dusky, tipped with white. Female with the tints 
paler. Young with the fore neck, breast, and sides, pale-reddish, 
spotted with dusky, the upper parts darker than in the adult. Bill at 
first dusky, ultimately pure yellow. 
Male, 10, 14. Female, 9, 13. 
From Texas eastward and northward, to the Fur Countries. 
Throughout the interior. Winters in abundance in all the southern 
States. Columbia River. Abundant. 
Robin, Turdus migratorius, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 35. 
Turdus migratorius, Bonap. Syn. p. 75. 
Merula migratoria. Red-breasted Thrush, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. 
p. 176. 
American Robin or Migratory Thrush, Turdus migratorius, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 338. 
American Robin or Migratory Thrush, Turdus migratorius, Aun. Orn. Biog. v. ii. 
p. 190 ^ V. V. p. 442. 
143. 2. Turdus naevius, Gmel. Varied Thrush. 
Plate CCCLXIX. Fig. 2, 3. Male. Plate CCCCXXXIII. Fig. 6. Female. 
Male with the b'ill black, the upper parts deep leaden-grey, the head 
H 
