FRINGILLINiE. 
97 
white ; quills dusky^ tail-feathers blackish^ excepting the two middle, 
which are reddish-brown^ like the upper tail-coverts. In summer^ the 
brownish-black bands on the head and neck become deep blacky the 
throat and frontal band white, and the upper parts light brownish- 
red. Female dusky brown above, dull white beneath ; the wings and 
. tail as in the male, but the black bands on the head and neck want- 
ing. Young from the nest with the upper parts deep brown, mottled 
with pale reddish-brown, lower parts pale yellowish-grey. 
Male, 7i 14. 
Breeds in Labrador and northwards. Migrates in autumn south- 
ward, as far as the Texas. Not uncommon in the Western Country 
at that season. 
Shore Lark, Alauda cornuta, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 85. 
Alauda alpestris, Bonap. Syn. p. 102. 
Horned or Shore Lark, Alauda cornuta, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. 
p. 215. 
Shore Lark, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 
Shoi»e Lark, Alauda alpestris, Aun. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 570 ; v. v. p. 488. 
FAMILY XV. FRINGILLIN^. FINCHES. 
Bill short, stout, conical, acute ; upper mandible gene- 
rally vrith its dorsal line more or less convex, the sides 
rounded, the edges inflected or direct, the tip acute ; lower 
mandible with the dorsal line ascending and slightly con- 
vex, the edges involute. Gape-line ascending for more 
than a fourth of its length, then direct. Nostrils basal, 
roundish, partly concealed by the feathers. Head of mo- 
derate size, or rather large, ovate or roundish ; neck short ; 
body compact ; tarsus generally shorter than the middle toe 
with its claw, compressed, with seven or eight anterior scu- 
tella ; hind toe stout ; outer toe adherent at the base, lateral 
about equal. Claws long or moderate, compressed, laterally 
grooved, acute. Plumage soft and blended, but firm. Wings 
various, acute, or rounded. Tail of twelve feathers. Roof 
of upper mandible concave, with three prominent lines, of 
which the middle is sometimes elevated into an oblong hard 
prominence. Tongue much compressed, pointed ; oesopha- 
gus rather wide, with a dilatation or crop on the right side ; 
stomach roundish or oblong, muscular, with the epithelium 
thin, dense, and longitudinally rugous ; intestine short, rather 
