100 
FRINGILLIN^. EMBERIZA. 
secondary quills, the bases of the primaries and their coverts, and 
the greater part of the outer tail-feathers on each side, white ; the 
head and hind neck more or less tinged with brownish-red, the upper 
parts reddish-grey or yellowish-red, mottled with black, the concealed 
part of the plumage being of the latter colour, the bill brownish-yellow. 
Female, in winter, with the white less extended. Young, at this 
season, like the female, but more brown. Male, in summer, with the 
back, scapulars, inner secondaries, terminal portion of primaries, and 
four middle tail-feathers, deep black, all the other parts pure white, 
the bill black. Female with the black parts tinged with brown, and 
more or less reddish-brown on the head and rump. 
Male, 7 3 18. 
In winter, from Nova Scotia to Kentucky. Abundant. Much rarer 
along the Atlantic coast. Some breed in Vermont and Massachusetts. 
Fur Countries in summer. 
Snow-Bunting, Emberiza nivalis, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 86. 
Emberiza nivalis, Bonap. Syn. p. 103. 
Emberiza (Plectrophanes) nivalis, Snow"Buntling, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. 
V. ii. p. 247. 
Snow Bunting, Emberiza nivalis, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 458. 
Snow Bunting, Emberiza nivalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 515 ; v. v. p. 496. 
GENUS II. EMBERIZA, Linn. BUNTING. 
Bill short, robust, tapering, somewhat compressed ; upper 
mandible with its dorsal line declinate and slightly convex, 
the ridge indistinct, the sides convex, the edges a little in- 
flected, ascending to beneath the nostrils, then descending 
or direct, with a slight notch close to the narrow tip ; lower 
mandible with the angle short and wide, the dorsal line 
ascending, and very slightly convex, the ridge broad at the 
base, the sides convex, the edges inclinate, their outline 
ascending for a third or more of its length, then direct, the 
tip narrow. Nostrils basal, roundish. Head large, ovate ; 
neck very short; body rather stout. Feet of moderate 
length, rather strong ; tarsus of ordinary length, compressed, 
with seven anterior scutella ; toes rather large ; the hind toe 
strong, and longer than the lateral, which are equal, the 
third much longer, and united to the fourth at the base. 
Claws long, arched, much compressed, acute. Plumage soft 
and blended, but firm. Bristles feeble. Wings of moderate 
