FRINGILLIN^. PIPILO. 
123 
GENUS X. PIPILO, ViEiLL. GROUND-FINCH. 
Bill short, stout, narro\^r than the head, conical, some- 
what compressed, acute ; upper mandible with the dorsal 
line slightly convex, the ridge narrow and distinct, the sides 
convex, the edges somewhat inflected, ascending for more 
than a third, then direct, with a slight festoon ; notches 
very slight, tip declinate, narrow ; lower mandible with 
the angle very short and broad, the dorsal line slightly 
convex, the sides rounded, the edges involute, the point 
acute. Nostrils basal, roundish, partially concealed by the 
feathers. Tarsus of moderate length, compressed, with 
seven scutella ; toes rather large, scutellate above, the first 
stronger, the lateral nearly equal. Claws rather long, mo- 
derately arched, 'slender, compressed, laterally grooved, 
acute. Small bristles at the base of the upper mandible. 
Plumage full, soft, and blended. Wings of ordinary length, 
much rounded, the fourth quill longest ; tail long, rounded. 
Roof of upper mandible rather flat, with a narrow median 
and two broad lateral flattened ridges, tongue compressed, 
convex above, with a median groove, horny at the end, and 
pointed ; oesophagus slightly dilated about the middle ; sto- 
mach a strong muscular gizzard ; intestine short ; coeca 
small. 
194. 1. Pipilo arcticus, Swains. Arctic Ground-Finch. 
Plate CCCXCIV. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female. 
Head, neck all round, a part of the breast, and upper parts in ge- 
neral, black ; sides and lower tail- coverts orange-red, the latter paler; 
central part of the breast and abdomen white ; feathers^ of the tibia 
dusky, margined with whitish ; an elongated patch on the outer web 
of all the scapulars, a small terminal spot on the first row of small 
coverts, and on the secondary coverts, and a large patch at the end of 
the inner web of the outer three tail-feathers on each side, white. 
Female smaller, differing only in having the parts which are black in 
the male dull brownish-black. 
Male, 8 i ; wing, 82 . Female, 8 ; wing, 3i. 
