124 
FRINGILLINJE. ERYTHROSPIZA. 
Columbia River, and northward to the Fur Countries. Abundant^ 
Migratory. 
Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica, Arctic Ground-Finch, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer^ 
V. ii. p. 260. 
Arctic Ground-Finch, Nutt. Man. v. ii. pi^'SSO. 
Arctic Ground-Finch, Fringilla arctica, Aup. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 49. 
195. 2. Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Linn. Towhe Ground- 
Finch. — Towhe Bunting. Ground Robin. Swamp 
Robin. 
Plate XXIX. Male and Female. 
Head, neck all round, a portion of the breast, and upper parts in 
general, black ; sides and lower tail-coverts orange-red, the latter 
paler ; central part of the breast and abdomen white ; feathers of the 
tibia dusky, margined with whitish (no white spots on the scapulars of 
wing-coverts) ; a white patch on the wing, formed by the bases of the 
outer webs of six or seven of the primaries ; outer three tail-feathers 
with a white patch toward the end on their inner webs chiefly (much 
more extended than in the last species). Female smaller, differing 
from the male only in having the parts which in him are deep black, 
dusky reddish-brown. Young in first plumage with the upper parts 
dull reddish-brown, streaked with brownish-black; the wings and 
tail as in the adult, the lower parts pale yellowish-grey, marked with 
short longitudinal streaks of dusky. 
Male , 8^, 12. 
Breeds from Texas along the Atlantic districts, as well as in the in- 
terior, northward to Labrador. Abundant. Migratory. 
Towhe Bunting, Emberiza erythrophthalma, WiLs. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 35. 
Fringilla erythrophthalma, Bonap. Syn. p. 112. 
Ground Robin or Towhe Finch, Fringilla erythrophthalma, Nutt. Man. v.i. p, 515. 
Towhe Bunting, Fringilla erythrophthalma, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 151 ; v. v. 
p. 511. 
GENUS XI. ERYTHROSPIZA, Bonap. PURPLE-FINCH. 
Bill ratber short, robust, bulging, conical, pointed ; upper 
mandible a little broader, with tbe nasal sinus very short 
and broad, the dorsal line a bttle convex, the ridge indis- 
tinct, the sides rounded, the edges a little inflected, ascend- 
ing at the base, afterwards direct, the notches faint, the tip 
slightly deflected, rather acute ; lower mandible with the 
angle short and rounded, the dorsal line ascending, straight, 
the back and sides rounded, the edges involute, the tip 
acute. Nostrils roundish, partially concealed by the short 
