132 
FRINGILLIN^. COCCOBORUS. 
chusetts. Valleys of the Mississippi and Missouri, Kentucky and Ohio. 
Resident from Maryland southward. 
Cardinal Grosbeak, Loxia cardinalis. Wins. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 38. 
Fringilla cardinalis, Bo nap. Syn. p. 113. 
Cardinal Grosbeak or Red Bird, Fringilla cardinalis, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 519. 
Cardinal Grosbeak, Fringilla cardinalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 336 ; v. y. p. 514. 
GENUS XVI. COCCOBORUS, Swains. SONG-GROSBEAK. 
Bill rather short, extremely robust, almost as broad as 
the head, and somewhat compressed, tapering to a point ; 
upper mandible considerably smaller than the lower, with 
the dorsal line convex, the ridge indistinct, the nasal sinus 
very wide, the sides convex, the edges ascending for a third 
of their length, then direct, with a slight festoon, and in- 
flected, the notches faint, the tip a little deflected, and nar- 
row ; lower mandible with the angle short and semicircular, 
the dorsal line straight, the sides at the base inflected, to- ' 
ward the end convex, the edges involute, the tip acute. Nos- 
trils basal, round. Plumage somewhat compact, blended ; 
distinct bristles at the base of the upper mandible. Wings 
of moderate length, pointed, the outer three quills nearly 
equal, the second longest. Tail of moderate length, slight- 
ly emarginate. Tarsus short, compressed, with seven scu- 
tella ; toes moderate, hind toe stout, broad beneath, outer 
toe slightly longer than inner, and adherent at the base. 
Claws moderate, arched, compressed, acute. Upper mandi- 
ble concave beneath, with three longitudinal ridges ; tongue 
as high as broad, convex above, tapering to a point ; oeso- 
phagus rather wide, dilated about the middle ; stomach ra- 
ther small, roundish, compressed, with its muscles distinct 
and of moderate thickness, the epithelium longitudinally ru- 
gous ; intestine short, and of moderate width ; coeca very 
small. 
204. 1. Coccoborus coeruleus, Linn. Blue Song-Grosbeak. 
Plate CXXII. Male, Female, and Young. 
' Male blue ; with the lores, chin, and a line round the base of the 
