136 
FRINGILLIN^. PYRANGA. 
and third toes equal. Plumage soft and blended ; distinct 
bristles at the base of upper mandible. Wings rather long, 
with the second and third quills longest, the first little 
shorter. Tail of moderate length, emarginate. Upper man- 
dible concave, with three longitudinal ridges ; tongue some- 
what triangular, convex above, with the point thin-edged 
and lacerated ; oesophagus dilated about the middle ; sto- 
mach broadly elliptical, small, its lateral muscles rather 
small ; epithelium thin, longitudinally rugous ; intestine short; 
coeca extremely small. Inferior laryngeal muscles four on 
each side, but very small. 
208. 1. Pyranga aestiva, Gmel. Summer Red-bird. 
Plate XLIV. Male and Female. 
Male vermilion, brighter beneath ; inner webs of quills brown. Fe- 
male greenish-yellow above. Young like the female ; young males 
variegated according to age ; old females sometimes like the males, 
but duller. 
Male, 11. 
From Texas to Massachusetts, In the interior to Canada. Abun- 
dant. Migratory. 
Summer Red Bird, Tanagra aestiva, Wins. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 95. 
Tanagra aestiva, Bonap. Syn. p. 105. 
Summer Red Bird, Tanagra aestiva, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 469. 
Summer Red Bird, Tanagra aestiva, Aun. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 232 5 v. v. p. 518. 
209. 2. Pyranga rubra, Linn. Scarlet Red-bird, — ^Scarlet 
Tanager, 
'• Plate CCCLIV. Fig. 3. Male. Fig. 4. Female. 
Male scarlet, with the wings and tail black. Female yellowish- 
green above, greenish-yellow beneath, wings and tail dusky, the fea- 
thers margined with yellowish-green. Males have been met with, 
having a scarlet band on the wing, formed by the first row of small 
coverts.. Young like the female. 
Male, 7, Ilf. Female, 6L 10|* 
From Texas to Lake Huron. Throughout the Valley of the Missis- 
sippi, Kentucky, and Ohio. Common. Migratory. 
Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 42. 
Tanagra rubra, Bonap. Syn. p. 105. 
Scarlet Tanager or Black-winged Summer Red Bird, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. 
Amer. v. ii. p. 273. 
Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 465. 
Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, AuD. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 388, 
