AGELAIN^. 
137 
210. 3. Pyranga Ludoviciana, Wils. Louisiana Red-bird. 
— -Louisiana Tanager. 
Plate CCCLIV. Fig. 1, 2. Male. Plate CCCC. Fig. 4. Female- 
Male with the head and throat rich carmine ; lower parts^ neck, 
rump, and a broad band on the wing, rich yellow ; middle of the back, 
wings, and tail black ; secondary coverts and inner secondaries tipped 
with yellowish- white. Female with the upper parts yellowish-green, 
the fore part of the back greyish-olive ; lower parts greenish-yellow ; 
two bands on the wings, the anterior pale yellow, the other whitish, 
Male, 7h 
Platte River. Columbia River. Common. Migratory. 
Louisiana Tanager, Tanagra ludoviciana, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 27. 
Tanagra ludoviciana, Bonap. Syn. p, 105. 
Louisiana Tanager, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 471. 
Louisiana Tanager, Tanagra ludoviciana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 385 ; v. v. p. 90. 
FAMILY XVI. AGELAIN.E. MARSH-BLACK- 
BIRDS. 
Bill of moderate length, sometimes short, seldom longer 
than the head, stout, straight, conical, compressed, tapering, 
pointed ; upper mandible with the dorsal line nearly straight, 
the nasal sinus short and very wide, the ridge thus appearing 
to encroach on the forehead, the sides rounded, the edges 
without notch ; lower mandible with the angle short and 
rounded, the dorsal line straight, the edges involute. Nos- 
trils basal, roundish or oblong. Head rather large, ovate ; 
neck short ; body moderately full. Legs of moderate length, 
stout, rather slender ; tarsus compressed, with eight anterior 
scutella ; hind toe large, lateral toes equal, the outer adhe- 
rent at the base. Claws generally long, arched, compres- 
sed, acute. Plumage soft, blended, in the males usually 
glossy. Wings of moderate length, with the outer three or 
four quills longest, the first being very little shorter than 
the second, or sometimes even exceeding it ; tail of twelve 
feathers, of moderate length, or elongated. The roof of the 
upper mandible concave, with three longitudinal ridges, of 
which the middle is larger, and at the base forms a hard 
prominence ; tongue sagittate and papillate at the base, 
M 
