156 
LANIIN^. 
covered by bristly feathers, which are directed forwards. 
Head large, broadly ovate, neck rather short ; body mode- 
rately stout. Tarsus rather short, compressed, with eight 
scutella ; toes stout, the first very large, the inner a little 
shorter than the outer, which is adherent at the base. Claws 
large, arched, much compressed, acute. Plumage soft and 
blended ; no distinct bristles at the base of the upper man- 
dible, wings long, much rounded, the first quill very short, 
the fourth longest ; tail of moderate length, rounded. 
235. 1. Nucifraga Columbiana, Wils. Columbian Nut- 
cracker. — Clark’s Crow. 
Plate CCCLXII. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female. 
Light brownish-grey ; forehead, throat, fore part of cheeks, and 
space round the eye yellowish- white ; wings glossy bluish-black, 
seven of the secondaries largely tipped with white ,* upper tail-coverts 
greyish-black ; tail pure white, except the two middle feathers, and 
the greater part of the inner webs of the next pair, which are bluish- 
black. 
Male, 12, wing 
Rocky Mountains. 
Clarke’s Crow, Corvus columbianus, Wils. Amer. Orn.v. iii. p. 29. 
Corvus columbianus, Bonap. Syn. p. 57. 
Columbian Crow, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 218. 
Clarke’s Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana, Aod. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 459. 
FAMILY XIX. LANIIN.®. SHRIKES. 
Bill short, or of moderate length, stout, broader than 
high at the base, compressed toward the end ; the gape- 
line slightly arched, the ridge narrow, the notch and den- 
tiform process large, the tip narrow and decurved. Head 
large, roundish, ovate ; neck short ; body compact. Legs 
of moderate length ; tarsus compressed, with seven anterior 
scutella ; toes moderate, compressed ; hind toe rather stout, 
lateral about equal, the outer adherent at the base. Claws 
arched, compressed, acute. Plumage soft and blended. 
