158 
LANIINtE. lanius. 
with whitish ; base of primaries white, forming a conspicuous patch, 
when the wing is extended ; tail-feathers brownish-black, outer web of 
lateral feathers, and more than a third of its inner web from the tip, 
white j the extremities of all the rest, excepting the middle two, also 
white, gradually occupying less extent on the inner feathers ; lower 
parts greyish- white, the fore part of the breast tinged with brown, and 
faintly marked with transverse undulating lines of dark grey, as are 
the sides. Female similar, but with the head and neck slightly tinged 
with brown, and the lower parts more banded. 
Lanius Eoccuhitor differs in being considerably smaller, and in hav- 
ing the white on the wings and tail more extended, the bases and a 
great portion of the inner webs of the secondaries, except the inner 
three, being of that colour, as well as the bases of the primaries, and 
forming a conspicuous spot when the wing is closed, and the outer 
tail-feathers being often white in their whole length. 
Male, 141^2. 
Breeds from Pennsylvania northward. During winter, migrates 
westward to the Mississippi, and as far south as Natchez. Not un- 
common. 
Great American Shrike or Butcher Bird, Lanius Excubitor, WiLS. Amer. Orn. 
V. i. p. 74. 
Lanius septentrionalis, Bonap. Syn. p. 72. 
Lanius borealis, Greater Northern Shrike, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. 
p. 111. 
Great American Shrike, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 258. 
Gi’eat American Shrike, Lanius Excubitor, Aun. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 534 ; v. v. 
p. 434. 
237. 2. Lanius Ludovicianus, Linn. Loggerheaded Shrike. 
Plate LVII. Male and Female. 
Third quill longest, fourth scarcely shorter, second and sixth equal ; 
tail rather long, graduated ; bill black, upper parts deep leaden-grey, 
lower greyish-white, the sides bluish-grey ; a streak of whitish over 
the eye, and margining the forehead ; loral space, and a patch behind 
the eye, black ; posterior scapulars almost entirely white ; quills and 
coverts black, secondaries narrowly tipped with white ; bases of pri- 
maries white, forming a conspicuous patch on the extended wing ; 
tail-feathers black, all except the middle pair white at tjie end, that 
colour occupying nearly two-thirds of the outer, and gradually dimi- 
nishing on the rest. Female with the plumage somewhat darker. 
Young brownish- white beneath, the breast and sides transversely 
barred with dark grey. 
Male, 8|, 13. 
From Louisiana to Carolina, laterally to the Columbia River, and 
northward to the Fur Countries. Abundant. Resident in the south. 
Migratory in the north. 
