166 
SITTINJE. SITTA. 
at the tipj secondaries tipped with an oblong’ wax-red appendage^ as 
are the tail-feathers^ of which the extremity is bright yellow. Female 
similar to the male but somewhat smaller. The oblong appendages 
to the wings vary from nine to three. Young with the upper parts of 
a uniform dull greenish-brown, lower parts of the same colour, the 
throat pale buff, abdomen and lower tail-coverts yellowish-: white. 
Male, 6|, 11. 
From Texas northward to the Fur Countries. Westward to the 
Columbia River. Extremely abundant in Louisiana during winter. 
Bombycilla carolinensis, Beiss. v. ii. p. 337. 
Cedar Bird, Ampelis americana, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 107. 
Bombycilla carolinensis, Bonap. Syn. p. 59. 
Cedar Bird or Cherry Bird, Nutt. Man. v. i. 
Cedar Bird, Bombycilla carolinensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 227 v. v. p. 494. 
FAMILY XXIII. SITTINJE. NUTHATCHES. 
Bill of moderate length or rather long, straight, rather 
slender, conico-suhulate, somewhat compressed, with the 
tips acute, or cuneate. Head ovate ; neck short ; body full. 
Tarsi rather short, or of moderate length, slender, com- 
pressed, with seven or eight scutella ; toes long, very slen- 
der ; hind toe extremely long ; anterior little spreading ; 
claws long, little arched, slender, much compressed, acute. 
Plumage soft and full. Wings of moderate length, broad, 
rounded. Tail short, broad, of twelve feathers. Roof of 
upper mandible very narrow, slightly concave, with three 
ridges ; tongue very slender, with the tip abrupt and brist- 
ly ; oesophagus without dilatation ; stomach roundish, mo- 
derately muscular ; intestine short and wide ; coeca very 
small. Trachea simple ; with a single pair of large inferior 
laryngeal muscles. Allied to the Titmice on the one hand, 
and the Woodpeckers on the other. 
GENUS L SITTA, Linn. NUTHATCH. 
Bill rather long, or of moderate length, straight, conico- 
suhulate, a little compressed, rather obtuse ; upper mandible 
with the dorsal outline very slightly arched, the ridge rather 
