202 
TETRAONIN^. TETRAO. 
convex, the edges sharp and overlapping, the tip thin-edged 
and rounded ; lower mandible with the angle long and wide, 
the dorsal line convex, the sides rounded, the edges inflec- 
ted, the tip rounded. Nostrils roundish, in the fore part of 
the large and feathered nasal depression. Head small, ovate ; 
neck of ordinary length ; body large and full. Feet stout, of 
moderate length ; tarsus short, feathered, at the lower part 
sometimes bare and scutellate ; toes bare, scutellate, with 
a marginal fringe of pectinate scales. Claws rather large? 
arched, compressed, obtuse. Plumage full, soft, rather 
blended. Wings rather short, convex, much rounded, the 
third and fourth quills longest. Tail rounded, of more than 
twelve feathers. 
* Tarsus partially bare. 
295. 1. Tetrao Umbellus, Linn. Ruffed Grouse.— ’Partridge 
Pheasant. 
Plate XLI. Male and Female. 
Male with the feathers of the head narrow and elongated into a de- 
curved tuft ; an erectile ruff of broad, abrupt, glossy feathers, in two 
tufts ; tail of eighteen feathers, rounded. Upper part of head and hind 
part of neck bright yellowish-red, variegated with dusky ; back chest- 
nut, marked with oblong white spots, margined with black ; quills 
brown, their outer webs pale yellowish-red, spotted with dusky ; up- 
per tail-coverts banded or spotted with black; tail reddish-yellow, 
narrowly barred and minutely mottled with black, and terminated by 
a broad band of the latter, between two narrow bands of greyish- 
white ; a yellowish- white band from the bill to the eye, beyond which 
it is prolonged ; throat and fore neck light brownish-yellow ; lower 
ruff-feathers of the same colour, barred with reddish-brown, upper 
black, glossed with blue ; lower parts yellowish- white, with broad 
transverse spots of dusky or brown. Female with the crest and ruff 
less developed, the latter of a duller black ; the tints of the plumage 
duller than in the male. In the northern parts the plumage is general- 
ly less red, but otherwise similar. 
Male, 18, 24. 
Common from Maryland to Labrador, and in the interior, from the 
mountainous districts to Canada and the Saskatchewan. Columbia 
River. Resident. 
RuflFed Grouse, Tetrao lunbellus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vi. p. 46.- 
Tetrao umbellus, Bonap. Syn. p. 126. 
