CHARADRIINiE. 
219 
late, of moderate length, marginate, the first very small and 
elevated, the fourth webbed at the base. Claws of moderate 
size, strong, considerably curved, rather compressed, blunt- 
ed. Plumage imbricated ; upper part of head bare. Wings 
ample, the second, third, and fourth longest, inner seconda- 
ries and their coverts curved downwards. Tail short, round- 
ed, of twelve broad, rounded feathers. 
315. 1. Grus Americana, Forster. Whooping Crane.— 
Sand-hill Crane. White Crane. Blue Crane. Brown 
Crane. 
Plate CCXXVI. Male. Plate CCLXI. Young. 
Adult with the bill dusky green, the feet black, the bare part of the 
head carmine, the plumage pure white, except the alula, primaries, 
and primary coverts, which are brownish-black. Young with the bill 
and feet brownish-black, the bare part of the head carmine, but less 
extended, the plumage bluish-grey, the feathers margined with yel- 
lowish-brown, chin and sides of head greyish- white, primary quills and 
coverts dark brown towards the end, with brownish-white shafts. 
Male, 54, 92. 
From Texas to North Carolina during autumn and winter, and across 
to the Rocky Mountains. Breeds from Upper California northward to 
the Arctic Regions, from which it removes southward early in autumn. 
Abundant in Georgia and Florida, and from thence to Texas. 
Whooping (5rane, Ardea Americana, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 20. 
Grus Americana, Bonap. Syn. p. 302. 
Grus Americana, Whooping Crane, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 372. 
Adult. 
Grus canadensis. Brown Crane, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 273. 
Whooping Crane, Grus Americana, Nctt. Man. v. ii. p. 34. Adult. 
Brown Crane, Grus canadensis, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 38. Young. 
WTiooping Crane, Grus Americana, Aun. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 202, Adult p. 441, 
Young. 
FAMILY XXXV. CHARADRIIN^. PLOVERS. 
Bill short, straight, subcylindrical, obtusely pointed ; up- 
per mandible, with its dorsal line straight for half its length, 
afterwards convex ; nasal groove bare, extended along two- 
thirds of the length of the bill. Head of moderate size, ra- 
ther compressed, rounded in front. Eyes large. Neck ra- 
