ANATIN^. CYGNUS. 
383. 6. Anser hyperboreus, Gmel. Snow- Goose. 
Plate CCCLXXXI. Adult Male and Young Female. 
Bill and feet carmine, unguis white, claws dusky ; plumage pure 
white, fore part of head tinged with yellowish-red ; primaries brown- 
ish-grey, toward the end blackish-brown, their shafts white, unless 
toward the end. Young in its second plumage, with the bill yellow, 
or flesh-coloured, the feet lake ; head and upper part of neck, with 
the wing-coverts, greyish-white ; lower part of neck all round, fore 
part of back, scapulars, fore part of breast and sides blackish-grey ; 
hind part of back and upper tail-coverts, ash-grey ; quills greyish- 
black, secondaries margined with greyish-white ; tail-feathers dusky 
grey, margined with greyish-white ; breast and abdomen greyish- 
white. 
Male, 31 1, 62. Female, 26, 55. 
Western and Southern States, in autumn and winter. Breeds in 
the Arctic Regions. Abundant. 
Snow Goose, Anas hyperborea, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 76. 
Anser hyperboreus, Bonap. Syn. p. 376. 
Snow Goose, Ndtt. Man. p. 344. 
Anser hyperboreus. Snow Goose, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 467. 
Snow Goose, Anser hyperboreus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 562. 
GENUS III. CYGNUS, Meyer. SWAN. 
Bill longer than the head, higher than broad at the base, 
depressed, and a little widened toward the end, rounded ; 
upper mandible with the dorsal line sloping, the ridge very 
broad at the base, with a large depression ; narrowed be- 
tween the nostrils, convex toward the end, the sides nearly 
erect at the base, gradually becoming more horizontal and 
convex toward the end, the sides soft and thin, with nume- 
rous transverse little elevated internal lamellae, the unguis 
obovate ; nasal groove elliptical, subbasal, covered by the 
soft membrane of the bill ; lower mandible flattened, with 
the angle very long, and rather narrow, the sides convex, 
the edges with numerous transverse lamellae. Nostrils sub- 
medial, longitudinal, placed near the ridge, elliptical. 
Head of moderate size, oblong, compressed ; neck extremely 
long and slender; body very large, compact, depressed. 
