ANATINiE. FULIGULA. 
285 
Claws small, compressed, that of the first toe very small and 
curved. Plumage dense, firm, blended. Wings shortish, 
narrow, pointed, first and second quills longest ; inner secon- 
daries elongated and tapering. Tail very short, rounded or 
cuneate, of fourteen or more feathers. (Esophagus rather 
wide, considerably dilated at the lower part of the neck ; 
stomach an extremely muscular, roundish gizzard ; intestine 
long and wide ; coeca long. Trachea of the males with a 
transverse, bony, unsymmetrical dilatation at the inferior 
larynx. 
* Bill of ordinary length, broad, without enlargements at the base, 
unguis small, decurved. 
396. 1. Fuligula Valisneriana, Wils. Canvass Back Duck. 
Plate CCCI. Male and Female. 
Bill as long as the head ; tail much rounded, of fourteen feathers. 
Male with the bill black ; upper part of head and a space along the 
base of the bill dusky, a small transverse band of white on the chin ; 
the rest of the head and the neck all round for more than half its 
length, rich brownish-red ; a broad belt of brownish-black occupying 
the lower part of the neck and the fore part of the body ; upper parts 
white, minutely undulated with dark grey or blackish ; primary quills 
brownish-black, tinged with grey towards the base ; secondaries ash- 
grey, toward the end whitish and undulated, five of them also having 
a narrow strip of black along their outer margin ; rump and tail-co- 
verts above and below brownish-black ; tail brownish-grey ; lower 
parts white, the sides and abdomen marked with five undulating grey 
lines. Female with the upper parts greyish-brown, the top of the 
head darker, the chin whitish, the neck greyish-brown, as are the 
sides and abdomen ; breast white ; wing-coverts brownish-grey; pri- 
mary quills greyish-brown, dusky at the end, secondaries ash-grey, 
five of the inner with an external black margin ; the innermost greyish- 
brown, like the back, and with some of the scapulars faintly undu- 
lated with darker ; tail greyish-brown, paler at the end ; axUlars and 
smaller under wing-coverts white. 
Male, 22, S3. Female, 20^, 30|. 
Abundant during winter from the mouth of the Delaware to New 
Orleans, in all the estuaries. Columbia River. Breeds on the Rocky 
Mountains and northward. 
Canvass-backed Duck, Anas valisneria, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 103. 
Fuligula valisneria, Bonap. Syn. p. 392. 
Fuligula valisneria, Canvass-back Duck, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. 
p. 450. 
Canvass-backed Duck, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 430. 
Canvass-back Duck, Fuligula valisneriana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 1. 
