298 
MERGING. MERGUS. 
In winter dispersed over the United States, and westward as far as 
Texas. Breeds from Massachusetts northward, and along the Great 
Lakes. 
Goosander, Mergus Merganser, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 68. 
Mergus Merganser, Bonap. Syn. p. 397. 
Mergus Merganser, Goosander, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 461. 
Goosander, Mergus Merganser, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 460. 
Goosander, Mergus Merganser, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 261. 
413. 2. Mergus Serrator, Linn. Red-breasted Merganser. 
Plate CCCCI. Male and Female. 
Male with an elongated longitudinal double crest, eighteen tail- 
feathers, bill and feet deep carmine ; head and upper part of neck glossy 
greenish-black, with bright green reflections along the sides, and pur- 
plish on the crest ; a broad collar of white, succeeded by another of 
light brownish-red, longitudinally streaked with dusky ; lower parts 
white, except the sides of the body and rump, which are transversely 
undulated with greyish-black, and the larger wing-coverts, which are 
ash-grey ; fore part of back, and inner scapulars deep black ; feathers 
anterior to the wing white, with a broad margin of black ; some of the 
anterior wing-coverts ash-grey, the rest, the outer scapulars, and the 
terminal half of the secondary coverts, pure white ; basal portion of 
the latter, primary coverts, and primary quills, black, the latter tinged 
with brownish-grey ; secondaries white, with the base and the outer 
margin of most black, which colour predominates on the inner ; mid- 
dle and hind part of back ash-grey, undulated with white and dusky ; 
tail brownish-grey. Female with crest shorter, the bill and feet paler ; 
head and fore part of neck light reddish-brown ; throat and under 
part white, excepting the sides and larger wing-coverts, which are 
brownish-grey; hind neck, back, tail-coverts, tail, scapulars, and 
wing-coverts brownish-grey ; wings greyish-black, with a large white 
patch, formed by the terminal portions of the secondary coverts, and 
the greater part of some of the outer secondaries. Young, when 
fledged, resemble the female. Young, in down, with the head and 
hind neck reddish-brown, the back greyish-brown, with three white 
spots on each side, the lower parts greyish-white ; a white band from 
the bill to the eye, a reddish-brown band under the eye, and along the 
side of the neck ; the lower parts greyish- white. 
Male, 24i, 83. Female, 24, 34|. 
From Texas westward to the Columbia River and northward. Com- 
mon during autumn and spring. Also throughout the United States, 
and along the Atlantic shores. Breeds from New York to Labrador 
and the Fur Countries, as well as along the Great Lakes, and on the 
Rocky Mountains. 
Red-breasted Merganser, Mergus Serrator, WiLS. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 91. 
Mergus Serrator, Bonap. Syn. p. 397. 
