302 
PELECANIN^. PHALACROCORAX. 
ries curved, pointed, the second longest. Tail of moderate 
length, very narrow, much rounded, of twelve or more nar- 
row strong-shafted feathers. Gular sac small ; tongue ex- 
tremely small ; oesophagus very wide ; proventricular glands 
disposed in two large roundish masses ; stomach small, slight- 
ly muscular, inner coat smooth and soft ; a globular or tri- 
angular pyloric lobe ; duodenum at first curving upwards ; 
intestine very long, and of moderate width; cceca small; 
rectum narrow ; cloaca globular. Trachea considerably flat- 
tened ; bronchi of moderate width. 
416. 1. Phalacrocorax Carbo, Linn. Great Cormorant. 
Plate CCLXVI. Male, Female, and Young. 
Tail of fourteen feathers. In summer, a small longitudinal occipital 
black crest, and numerous linear elongated white feathers on the head 
and upper part of neck ; bill dusky, with the lower mandible whitish 
toward the base ; gular sac yellow ; plumage black, glossed with deep 
greenish-blue ; at the base of the gular sac a broad gorgelet of white ; 
a patch of white on the side over the thigh ; feathers of wings and part 
of the back dull bluish-grey, glossed with bronze, their fringe-like mar- 
gins greenish-black ; primary quills greyish-black, secondary like the 
other wing-feathers ; tail greyish-black ; shafts of all the feathers black 
at the end, leaden-grey towards the base. Female similar. After the 
breeding season the white feathers on the head and sides fall off. Y oung, 
before being fledged, with the skin dull livid, the bill dusky, at the base 
flesh-coloured, the feet purplish-dusky, the webs yellowish-brown. 
Male, 87, 62. 
Ranges during winter southward to New York. Abundant from 
Massachusetts eastward. Breeds on high precipitous rocks, in New- 
foundland, Labrador, and Baffin’s Bay. Migratory. 
Phalacrocorax Carho, Bonap. Syn. p. 402. 
Cormorant, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 479. 
Common Cormorant, Phalacrocorax Carbo, Aud. Om. Biog. v. iii. p. 458. 
417. 2. Phalacrocorax dilophus, Swains. ^ Double-crested 
Cormorant. 
Plate CCLVII. Male. 
Tail of twelve feathers. In summer an elongated tuft of about forty 
long, slender, loose, recurved feathers, from behind the eye to the length 
of an inch and a half on each side ; upper mandible dusky, along the 
edges greenish-yellow, lower yellow, irregularly iharked with dusky 
