42 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
Wings intense black in the $ ; back not streaked. 
1. P. rubra. Wing without any bands, or with merely indications of 
bright scarlet ones. $ . Intense pure scarlet ; wings and tail intense 
black. 9 • Olive-green above (including wings and tail), pale yellow 
below. Juv. £. Olive-green above, yellow below; wings and tail 
black. Hob. Eastern Province of United States. ( Scarlet Tanager .) 
Lesser wing-coverts black or dusky. 
2. P. ludovicianus. Wing with two light yellow bands. $. Back, 
wings, and tail intense black ; head crimson. 9 • Above olive-green, 
tinged with ashy on the back ; beneath pale greenish-yellow ; wings 
and tail dusky olive-green ; no red on head. Hab. Western Province 
of United States. ( Louisiana Tanager.) 
15. Wing and tail reddish or greenish, of the same general color as the upper 
parts ; wing without any light bands. 
a. Wing, 3.00. Body always yellow ; head red in the £. 
3. P. erythrocephala. Above olive-green, beneath yellow. Head 
red. Wing, 3.00 ; tail, 2.70. Hab. Mexico (Temiscaltipec). 
b. Wing, 3.50 or more. Body and head red in 
Commissure with a distinct tooth ; bill bluish . 
4. P. hepatica. Bill small, not swollen laterally ; culmen gently curved 
terminally, straight basally ; commissural tooth small. £. Above red- 
dish-ashy, becoming brighter reddish on the head above ; beneath 
minium-scarlet medially, much tinged with ashy laterally. 9 • Ashy- 
green and greenish-yellow, instead of reddish. Juv. $ similar, but 
throat tinged with orange-red. 
Auriculars grayish like the back ; eyelids light red ; lores grayish. 
Wing, 4.10 ; tail, 3.40 ; bill, .50. Hab. Table-lands of Middle 
America, north into southern Rocky Mountains of United States. 
( The Liver-colored Tanager.) var. hepatica. 
Commissure without an appreciable tooth ; bill pale broivnish. 
5. P. aestiva. £. Above purplish-red, beneath pure, fine, rosaceous- 
vermilion. 9 • Above brownish olive-green, beneath ochraceous-yel- 
low. 
Head above scarcely brighter reddish or yellowish than the back. 
Bill, .55, or less, from nostril ; primaries, .84 longer than secon- 
daries. Length. 7.20 ; wing, 3.81 ; tail, 2.96 ; bill, .52. Hab. East- 
ern Province of United States, south, in winter, through Eastern 
Middle America to Peru. {Summer Tanager.) . . var. aestiva. 
Head above decidedly brighter reddish or yellowish than the 
back. Bill, .60 or more, from nostril ; primaries, 1.16 longer than 
secondaries. Length, 8.60 ; wing, 4.24 ; tail, 3.68 ; bill, .64. Hab. 
Southern Middle Province of United States (Upper Rio Grande 
region and Lower Colorado Basin) ; in winter south, through 
Western Mexico, to Colima. {Cooper's Tanager.) . . var. cooperi. 
