Tsw-y 
FRINGILLIDJE — THE FINCHES. 
47 
2. C. psaltria. Inner webs of tail-feathers never whitish terminally. 
Beneath yellow, including the lower tail-coverts ; above black, with 
or without olive-green on the back. 9 • Without any black, the yellow 
duller. 
Tail ivith white on inner webs ; tertials with large white spots. 
£. Auriculars, nape, back, and rump olive-green. Length, 4.25; 
wing, 2.40. Hob. Rocky Mountains of United States. (Arkansas 
Siskin.) var. psaltria. 
£. Auriculars black; nape, back, and rump green clouded with 
black. Length, 4.25 ; wing, 2.40. Had. Arizona. ( Arizona 
Siskin.) ......... var. arizonce. 
£. Auriculars, nape, back, and rump entirely black. Length, 4.12; 
wing, 2.25. Hab. Middle America. (Mexican Siskin.) var. mexicana. 
Tail without any white on inner webs ; tertials without white spots. 
£. Auriculars, nape, back, and rump wholly black. Hab. Pan- 
ama and New Granada. ( Colombia Siskin.)’ . . var. columbiana . 
b. Terminal half of outer webs of wing-coverts and secondaries yellow. 
3. C. lawrencii. Prevailing color ashy, lighter beneath. $. A large 
patch on the breast, the rump, and most of the outer surface of the 
wing, yellow ; forehead, crown, lores, all round base of bill, chin, wings 
(beneath the yellow), and tail black. 9 * Backing the black, and with 
the yellow only indicated. Length, 4.50 ; wing, 2.70. Hab. California 
and Southwestern Arizona. (Lawrence's Goldfinch . ) 
B. Whole body and head thickly streaked ; bases of tail-feathers yellow. Sexes 
alike. (Astragalinus.) 
4, C. pinus. Above brownish-gray, beneath white, with conspicuous 
dusky streaks everywhere; two light bands oii ! the wing; bases of 
secondaries and primaries yellow. Length, 4.75; wing, 3.00. Nest 
of pine twigs, etc., lined with fine roots and hair. Eggs green, spotted 
with rusty-brown, chiefly at larger end. Hab . Whole of North America, 
(Pine Finch.) 
Genus LOXXA, Linnaeus. (Page 44.) 
Species and Varieties. "H jy 
Common Characters. Males red ; females greenish- olive ; beneath tinged with 
yellowish. Immature birds somewhat streaked. Nest on trees. Eggs greenish, 
blotched with brown. American species nest as early as March, while snow is 
still on the ground. 
L. curvirostra. Wings dusky, without white bands. 
1. Bill from forehead, .74 ; wing, 3.90 ; tail, 2.40. Lower mandible much 
weaker than the upper. Hab. Europe. ( Crossbill.) . . var. curvirostra. 
2. Length, about 6.30. Bill from forehead, .80 or more ; wing, 4.00 ; tail, 
2.50. Lower mandible as strong as the upper. Hab. Rocky Mountains of 
United States, and mountainous regions of Mexico. (Mexican Crossbill.) 
var. mexicana. 
3. Length 6.00. Bill from forehead, .60 or less; wing, 3.30; tail, 2.20. 
Hab. North America generally. (Common Crossbill.) . . var. americana . 
L. leucoptera. Wings deep black, with two broad white bands. 
1. Body and head pomegranate-red; black of scapulars nearly meeting 
