m 
03 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
.39. Female deep umber-brown, instead of black. Fab. Pacific Province of 
United States, south to San Francisco ; West Humboldt Mountains. ( Oregon 
Towhee.) or eg onus . 
b. Outer webs of primaries distinctly edged with white at base. 
4. Above black, except on rump, which is tinged with olivaceous. White 
spots very large, without black border. Inner web of lateral tail-feather 
with terminal half white, the outer web almost wholly white. Wing, 3.50 ; 
tail, 3,90; hind claw, .39. Female umber-brown, replacing black. Fab. 
Plains between Rocky Mountains and the Missouri; Saskatchewan Basin. 
( Arctic Towhee.') . . . var. arcticus. 
Bt Interscapulars without white streaks. 
5. Above dusky olive ; white spots on scapulars and wing-coverts small, and 
without black edge. Tail-patches very restricted (outer only .40 long). 
No white on primaries. Wing, 2.85 ; tail, 3.10. Female scarcely different. 
Fab. Socorro Island, off west coast of Mexico. ( Carman's Toivhee.) var. carmani. 
SECTION II. 
Common Characters. Grayish-brown above, with a more or less appreciable 
rufous tinge on the crown. A patch covering the throat, ochraceous or white, 
contrasting with the surrounding portions, and encircled more or less com- 
pletely, especially posteriorly, by dusky spots ; lores like the chin. Crissum deep 
ochraceous, the lower part of abdomen tinged more or less with the same. No 
trace of white tips to middle wing-coverts. Throat ochraceous. 
Pipilo fuscus. (Page 67.) 
a. Crown only faintly tinged with rufous. 
1. Abdomen pale grayish-brown ; throat and lores deep reddish- 
ochraceous; the deep ochraceous confined posteriorly to lower 
tail-coverts. Wing, 3.90 ; tail, 5.00. Fab. California. ( Brown 
Towhee.) var. crissalis. 
2. Abdomen distinctly white centrally, but surrounded by grayish 
laterally and anteriorly ; throat and lores pale ochraceous ; deep 
ochraceous of crissum extending forward over lower part off 
abdomen. Wing, 3.80; tail, 4.00. Fab. Mexico. . . vox. fuscus. 
b. Crown very distinctly rufous. 
3. The ochraceous of posterior under parts spreading over whole 
lower part of abdomen and flanks. Ochraceous of the throat 
palest anteriorly, the chin and lores being almost -white ; it spreads 
over the jugulum also, outside the series of rather scattered dusky 
spots. Whole breast white. Wing, 3.80 ; tail, 4.30. Fab. 
Southern Middle Province* of United States. ( Canon Towhee.) 
var. mesoleucus . 
4. The ochraceous of under parts confined to crissum and anal 
region ; ochraceous of the throat palest posteriorly, where it is 
nearly white, and confined within the encircling series of rather 
coalesced dusky spots. Abdomen, only, white. Wing, 3.80 ; tail, 
4.20. Fab. Cape St. Lucas. (Cape Towhee.) . . var. albigula. 
