ALAUDID M — THE LAKES. 
»bbh 
69 
Family ALATJDIDiES. — The Larks. 
Char. First primary very short or wanting. Tarsi scutellate anteriorly and posteriorly, 
with the plates nearly of corresponding position and number. Hind claw very long 
and nearly straight. Bill short, conical, frontal feathers extending along side of the bill ; 
the nostrils concealed by a tuft of bristly feathers directed forward. Tertials greatly 
elongate beyond the secondaries. Hest on ground. 
Alaudinae. Bill stout, short, and conical 
Alauda. 
nasal fossae transverse and completely 
filled by the thick tuft of bristly feathers, and perforated anteriorly by a circular 
nasal opening. (Old and Hew World.) 
Crown with a depressed soft crest of feathers, of normal structure ; a spu- 
rious primary ; tail deeply emarginate 
Crown without a crest, but occiput with an erectile tuft of narrow elon- 
gated feathers on each side. Ho spurious primary ; tail square, or slightly 
rounded ............ Eremophila. 
- -X 
™ Genus ALAUDA, Linn. (Page 69.) ' U 
A. arvensis. Above grayish-brown, beneath whitish, with a buffy 
tinge across 
jugulum and along sides-; every feather above with a medial streak of dusky ; sides of 
throat, sides, and across jugulum streaked with dusky ; the outer tail-feathers partly 
I white. Wing, 4.90 ; tail, 2.80 ; culmen, .40 ; tarsus, .80 ; hind claw, .50. Eggs whitish 
very closely sprinkled with dark gray and ashy-brown. 
Greenland and the Bermudas. (Skylark.) 
Hab. Europe ; accidental in 
Genus EREMOPHILA, Boie. (Page 69.) 
E. alpestris. Adult. Above pinkish-gray ; tail black (except two middle 
feathers). Beneath white. A frontal band and superciliary stripe, the middle 
of auriculars, chin, and throat varying from white to deep Haples-yellow; fore- 
part of crown, and u ear-tufts,” a patch on lores and cheeks, and a broad crescent 
across the jugulum, deep black ; end of auriculars ashy. Eggs gray to whitish, 
either finely and closely dotted, or more sparsely blotched with brownish. Young. 
Brownish-black above, more or less mixed with clay-color, and sprinkled with 
whitish dots; wing-feathers all bordered with whitish. Beneath white. Markings 
on head and jugulum just merely indicated by dusky cloudings. ( Shore Lark.) 
a. Wing (of adult male), 4.20 to 4.60 ; tail, 2.90 to 3.16; culmen, .60 to .65. 
White frontal band, .25 to .30, wide; the black prefrontal patch, .26 to .35 
wide. The pinkish above of an ashy-lilac shade. 
Throat and forehead white, with only a very faint tinge of yellow ; 
pinkish tinge above more rufous. Hab. Interior Horthern Plains of 
the United States var. occidentalis. 
Throat and forehead pale straw-yellow, or strongly tinged with it ; 
pinkish tinge above varying from ashy-lilaceous to purplish-rufous. 
Hab. Horthern regions of Old 'and Hew Worlds . . var. alpestris, 
b. Wing (adult male), 3.80 to 4.10; tail, 2.75 to 2.90 ; culmen, .53 to .62. 
White frontal band, .13 to .16 wide ; the black prefrontal patch .35 to .50 
wide. Pinkish above of a deep cinnamon shade. Hab. Desert plains of 
South Middle Province of United States, and table-lands of Mexico, south 
to Bogota • var. chry solo ema , 
