mmSESSFS^ 
MiM 
ICTERIDH3 — THE ORIOLES. 
73 
1. I. vulgaris. Feathers of the throat elongated and lanceolate. Bill lon- 
ger than head. Back and scapulars black ; greater coverts and tertials with 
much white on outer webs ; middle wing-coverts white. Rest of plumage, 
including lesser coverts, chrome-yellow. Sexes alike. Hab. Northern South 
America. Jamaica ? Accidental in southeastern United States ? ? Several 
races. ( Common Troupial.') 
2. I. melanocephalus. Feathers of the throat not elongate and lanceolate, 
but soft and normal ; bill shorter than head. Back and scapulars greenish- 
yellow. Rest of plumage, including lesser wing-coverts, gamboge-yellow. 
Sexes alike. (. Black-headed Oriole.) 
Wings without any white. Wing, 4.00 ; tail, 4.00 ; culmen, .95 ; 
tarsus, .96. Hab. Southern Mexico. . . var. melanocephalus . 
Wings with white edging^ to greater coverts, secondaries, and tertials. 
Wing, 4.25; tail, 4.40; culmen, 1.10; tarsus, 1.10. Hab. Northern 
Mexico and Rio Grande Valley of Texas ' . . . . var. auduboni. 
XANTHORNUB. Back, scapulars, wings, tail, and throat, black ; wings and 
tail with, or without, white. Rest of plumage greenish-yellow, gamboge-yellow, 
orange, orange-red, or chestnut-rufous. 
A. Head and neck, all round, deep’ black. 
a. Tail-feathers wholly black. 
3. I. spurius. Head, neck, back, scapulars, wings, and tail, deep 
black ; other portions, including lesser and middle wing-coverts, 
lining of wing, and the tail-coverts, above and below, chestnut- 
rufous ; greater coverts and secondaries edged with dull white, 
and tail-feathers margined terminally with the same. Female. 
greenish-yellow, darker above. Young male in second year 
similar, but with a black patch covering face and throat. Wing, 
3.20 ; tail, 3.20, its graduation, .45 ; culmen, .73 ; tarsus, .92. Nest 
less purse-shaped than in other species. Eggs less marked with 
lines. Hab. Eastern Province of United States ; south throughout 
Middle America,, to New Granada. ( Orchard Oriole.) 
b. Tail-feathers (except the two middle ones) with their basal half UTV 
yellow. 
4. I. parisorum. Head, neck, jugulum, back, scapulars, wings, and 
terminal half of tail, deep black ; rest of plumage, including lesser 
and middle wing-coverts, bright lemon-yellow, approaching white " i 
on the middle coverts ; greater coverts tipped with white, and 
tertials edged with the same ; tail-feathers margined terminally 
with the same. Sexes very different. Hab. Mexico ; Rio Grande 
Valley and Cape St. Lucas. ( Scott's Oriole.) 
15. Crown, occiput, nape, and auriculars, orange ; frontlet, lores, cheeks, 
chin, throat/ and jugulum, deep black. 
5. I. cucullatus. Back, scapulars, wings,, and tail, and patch covering 
jugulum and throat, extending up over lores, around eyes and across 
frontlet, deep black. Other portions orange. Sexes very different. 
( Hooded Oriole.) 
Lesser coverts black ; middle coverts white ; greater coverts tipped 
with white, and secondaries, primaries, and tertials edged with the 
same ; tail-feathers with narrow white tips. Wing, 3.30 ; tail, 
4.00; culmen, .80; tarsus, .90. Hab. Southern border of Western 
United States (San Bernardino, California, Camp Grant, Arizona 
and Rio Grande of Texas), south through Mexico to Guatemala ; 
Cape St. Lucas ; Cuba var. cucullatus. 
