CORVID JE — THE CROWS. 
77 
Color ashy, with wings and tail mainly black. Culmen convex, 
gonys slightly concave. Nostrils covered by the short nasal tuft. 
(Page 77.) Picicorvus. 
Color uniform blue, brighter on the head ; the throat streaked with 
whitish. Culmen straight ; gonys slightly convex. Nostrils completely 
exposed ; no nasal tufts. (Page 78.) Gymnokitta. 
Genus CORVXJS, Linn2eus. (Page 76.) 
RAVENS. Feathers of the chin and throat stiffened, elongated, narrow and 
lanceolate, with their outlines very distinct. 
1. C. corax, var. carnivorus. Length about 25.00; wing, 17.00; 
tail, 10.00 ; graduation of tail, 1.60 to 2.40. Feathers of the neck 
and breast light gray beneath surface. Nest placed on ledges of 
rocks, or in high trees. Hab. Whole of North America ; Guate- 
mala and Mexico. Rare in Eastern United States. {Raven.) ^ 
2. C. cryptoleucus. Length about 21.00; wing, 14.00; tail, 
8.50 ; graduation of tail, about 1.25. Feathers of neck and breast 
snowy-white beneath surface. Nest in trees. Eggs apparently 
more finely mottled than in other American species of the genus. (?) 
Hab. Llano Estacado, or Staked Plain of Texas; Valley of Rio 
Grande and Gila ; Colorado. ( White-necked Croiv.) 
CROWS. Feathers of chin and throat soft, short, broad, obtuse, and with 
their webs blended. 
A* Angle of mouth feathered — North American Crows. 
a. Tarsus longer than the bill. First quill not longer than tenth. 
3. C. americanus. The gloss of the plumage purplish-violet, and 
hardly perceptible on head and neck ; middle toe and claw rather 
shorter than tarsus, measured from beginning of scutelke. 
Wing, 12.25 ; tail, 7.20 ; culmen, 1.85 ; tarsus, 2.00 ; middle 
toe, 1.45 ; wing-formula, 4, 3, 6, 6, 2 ; first quill equal to 
tenth. Hab. North America generally. ( Common Crow.) 
var. americanus . 
Wing, 12.50 ; tail, 7.20; culmen, 2.10; tarsus, 2.30; middle 
toe, 1.60. Wing-formula? Hab. South Florida. {Florida 
Crow.) var . floridanus. 
4. C. ossifragus. The gloss of plumage violaceous-blue, almost 
green' on the head, neck, and breast, where very perceptible. 
Middle toe and claw longer than tarsus, as above. Wing, 10.50 ; 
tail, 6.50 ; culmen, 1.55 ; tarsus, 1.65 ; middle toe, 1.35. Wing- 
formula, 4, 3, 5; first quill slightly shorter than tenth. Hab. 
Atlantic Coast of the United States. ( Fish Crow.) 
b. Tarsus shorter than the bill. First quill longer than tenth. 
5. C. caurinus. Gloss of the plumage as in americanus , but 
deeper. Wing, 10.50; tail, 6.40; culmen, 1.95; tarsus, 1.70; mid- 
dle toe, 1.25. Wing-formula, 4, 3, 5. Hab. Northwestern coast 
of North America. ( Northwest Croiu.) 
6. C. mexicanus. Plumage highly lustrous, blended. Soft bur- 
nished steel-blue, changing to violet on the crown, and with a 
greenish cast on lower parts. Wing, 9.00 ; tail, 6.50 ; culmen, 
1.60; tarsus, 1.20 ; middle t'oe, 1.10. Wing-formula, 4, 3,5. 
First quill very much longer than tenth. Hab. Western Mexico 
(Mazatlan, etc.). ( Mexican Crow.) 
