PICKLE — THE WOODPECKERS. 
95 
Genus COCCYGUS, Yieillot. (Page 94.) 
A. Tail-feathers except two middle ones black, with broad, sharply defined 
terminal spaces of white. Lower mandible yellow. 
1. C. americanus. Beneath pure -white, with an ashy shade across the 
jugulum. Inner webs of primaries mostly rufous. Auriculars nearly con- 
color with the nape. Length, 12.00 ; wing, 5.95 ; tail, 6.35. Hab. United 
States (very rare in the Western Province), Jamaica, Porto Rico. ( Yellow- 
billed Cuckoo.) 
2. C. minor. Beneath ocliraceous, generally paler anteriorly. Inner webs 
of primaries without any rufous. Auriculars blackish, conspicuously different 
from the nape. Length, 12.00 ; wing, 5.30 ; tail, 7.50 ; graduation of tail, 
2.75. Tail-spots about 1.00 long. Hab. West Indies, and northern and 
eastern South America, Southern Florida. ( Mangrove Cuckoo.) j 
B. Tail-feathers all grayish-brown, with, narrow terminal, obscure spots of 
white. Lower mandible blackish like the upper (pale blue in life ?). t . 
3. C. erythrophthalmus. Ho rufous on primaries, except in young (which 
have black bill, brown tail-feathers, etc.). Beneath continuous white, with 
a faint ashy-buff shade across the jugulum ; above grayish-brown. Bare 
eyelids bright red in the adult. Length, 12.00; wing, 5.00 ; tail, 6.50. 
Hab. Eastern Province of the United States, south through eastern Middle 
America to Bogota. ( Black-billed Cuckoo.) 
Genus CROTOPHAGA, Linnaeus. (Page 94.) 
C. ani. Feathers entirely black ; those on the head and neck with a peculiar 
stiffened metallic or scale-like border. Length, 13.00 to 15.00 ; wing, 6.00 ; 
culmen gently curved from base. Bill smooth or with a few transverse 
wrinkles. Hab. Northeastern South America, West Indies, and South 
Florida. ( The Savanna Blackbird.) 
Family PIC1D-3E. — The Woodpeckers. 
Char. Outer toe turned backwards permanently, not versatile laterally, the basal 
portion of the tongue capable of great protrusion. (Least so in Sphyropicus.) 
Picinae. Tail-feathers pointed, and lanceolate at end ; the shafts very rigid, 
thickened and elastic.- (Page 95.) 
Picumninae. Tail soft and short, about half the length of wing; the feathers 
without stiffened shafts, rather narrow, linear, and rounded at end. 
Yunginae. Tail soft and rather long, about three fourths the length of 
wing; the feathers broad, and obtusely ^rounded at end. (Last two not 
North American.) 
Subfamily PICINiE. 
Nest in holes excavated in trees by the birds themselves. Eggs always crystalline 
white and lustrous ; generally numerous. Color of eyes differing with species. 
Piceae. Bill variable in length ; the outlines above and below nearly 
straight ; the ends truncated ; a prominent ridge on the side of the man- 
