PICIDiE — THE WOODPECKERS. 9 7 
15. Posterior outer toe considerably shorter than the anterior outer one. (Fourth 
toe shorter than third). 
5. Hylotomus. Bill depressed. Lateral ridge above the middle of 
the lateral profile near the base. Nostrils elliptical, wide, and rounded 
anteriorly. Tail almost as in Sphyropicus. A pointed occipital crest, 
as in Campephilus , and not found in the other genera. Iris yellow. 
(Page 100.) 
^ Genus CAMPEPHILTJS, Gray. (Page 96.) £ 
Common Characters. Bill ivory-white. Body entirely glossy blue-black. A 
scapular stripe, secondaries, ends of inner primaries, and under wing-coverts, 
white. Crest scarlet in the male, black in the female. 
C. principalis. A white stripe on each side of the neck.* - Bristly feathers 
at the base of the bill white. 
White neck-stripe not extending to the base of the bill. Black 
feathers of crest longer than the scarlet. Length, 21.00; wing, 10.00; 
culmen, 2.60. Hab. Gulf region of United States. {Ivory-billed 
Woodpecker .) ........ var. principalis. 
White stripe reaching the base of the bill. Scarlet feathers of crest 
longer than the black. Wing, 9.50; culmen, 2.40. Ilab. Cuba . var. b'airdi. 
JJJJJ Genus FICUS, Linnaeus. (Page 96.) ” 
A. Black above, and white beneath. Wings spotted with white ; a black 
maxillary stripe. 
a . Two white stripes on the side of the head, one above, and the other 
below, the ear-coverts, which are mostly black. First quill shorter than 
sixth. Tail-feathers broad and obtuse at ends, the narrowed tips of middle 
feathers very short. 
DRYOBATES, Boie. Middle of back streaked longitudinally and con- 
tinuously with white. Maxillary and auricular black stripes not con- 
fluent ; the latter running into the black of the nape. Beneath white 
without spots. Red of head confined to a narrow nuchal band. 
11.00 to 7.00. 
1. P. villosus. Outer tail-feathers immaculate white, great va- 
riation in size with latitude. Length, 7.00 — 10.00 inches. 
All the quills, with middle and greater wing-coverts, with 
large white spots. Hab. Eastern North America. ( Hairy 
Woodpecker .) ........ var. villosus. 
Innermost quills and some of the coverts entirely black, 
or unspotted with white. Remaining spots reduced in size. 
(Var. jardini similar, but much smaller, 7.00, and lower parts 
smoky-brown.) Hab. Middle and western North America, 
and south to Costa Rica. {Harris W oodpecker.) . var. h a r r isi. 
2. P. pubescens. Outer tail-feather white, with transverse black 
bands. Length about 6.25. 
All the quills, with middle and greater wing-coverts, with 
large white spots. Hab. Eastern North America. {Downy 
Woodpecker .) . . var. pubescens. 
Innermost quills and some of the coverts entirely black ; 
remaining white spots reduced in size. Hab. Western North 
America. {Gairdner's Woodpecker.) . . . var. gairdneri. 
Length, 
