m 
100 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
within the broad, continuous black maxillary stripe. Female with the 
throat wholly white. Length, 8.25 ; wing, 4.75 ; tail, 3.30. Hab . 
Eastern Province North America, south in winter into West Indies, 
and over whole of Mexico, to Guatemala. ( Yellow-bellied Wood - 
. var. vanus. 
Crown always red in adult. A nuchal crescent of scarlet in both 
sexes. Red of the throat not confined by the black maxillary stripe, 
which is interrupted by it in the middle, allowing the red to touch the 
white stripe ; a tinge of red on the auriculars. Female always with 
more or less red on lower part of the throat. Length nearly as in 
varius. Hob. Rocky Mountains and Middle Province of United States. 
(Red-naped Woodpecker.) ....... var. nuchalis. 
II. White and black stripes on side of head obsolete , as is also the black 
pectoral crescent , caused by being overspread by a continuous red 
wash extending over whole head , neck , and breast. 
Whole head, neck, and breast red, with the light and dark stripes of 
the normal pattern only faintly traceable. Sexes similar. Length much 
as in varius. Hab. Pacific Province of United States, north to British 
Columbia. ( Red-breasted Woodpecker.) ..... var. ruber. 
2. S. williamsoni. Back un variegated ; secondaries without bands of 
white spots. 
Whole crown and upper parts (except lower part of rump and 
upper tail-coverts, and wing-patch), a stripe on side of head, a broader 
one on side of the throat, and the whole jugulum and sides of the 
breast, unbroken glossy black ; abdomen bright lemon-yellow. Male 
with a narrow stripe of scarlet on middle of the throat. Female with 
it white. Length, 9.00; wing, 5.00; tail, 4.70. Young like the adult. 
Hab. Western Province of United States. ( Williamson's Woodpecker.) 
B. Wing without a white patch. Markings on sides regularly transverse. 
3. S. thyroideus. Head all round light brown ; abdomen bright lemon- 
yellow; rump and upper tail-coverts white. Entire upper surface, with 
sides, regularly and continuously barred with black and white, in nearly 
equal amount ; the black bars usually coalesced on the jugulum into a more 
or less extensive patch. Male with the throat tinged medially with scarlet. 
Female without any red. Size of S. varius. Hab. Western Province of 
United States. (. Brown-headed Woodpecker.) 
Genus HYLOTOMUS, Baird. (Page 97.) 
H. pileatus. Dull black ; the lining of the wing, and bases of the quills white, tinged 
with sulphur-yellow ; crest scarlet ; throat, post-ocular, and rictal stripe, continuing 
down side of neck to the axillars, white. £. Whole forehead and crown scarlet; 
maxillary patch carmine. 9 • Forehead and crown dusky ; maxillary patch dusky (crest, 
only, scarlet). Length, 16.00 to 19.00 ; wing, about 9.50. Hab. Densely wooded 
regions of North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. ( Pileated Woodpecker ; Black 
Woodcock.) 
Section CENTURE/E. (Page 96.) 
The United States genera of this section are very similar to each other, and may be 
most easily distinguished by color, as follows : — 
Centurus. Back and wings banded transversely with black and white. Crown more 
