TETRAONID M — THE GROUSE. 
Ill 
with only a slight spotting of blackish ; face-markings reddish-brown. 
Length, 14.50 ; wing, 8.30 ; tail, 4.15. Bill, .35 deep, .55 long, from 
nostril. Hab. Southwestern prairies (Texas ?) 
var. p alii dicinctus. 
JJJJ Genus BONASA, Stephens. (Page 108.) 
B. umbellus. Rump with cordate light spots ; sides with transverse dark 
spots. Tail with two gray bands (one terminal), with a broad blackish zone 
between them. Cervical tufts glossy black or dark brown, with a semi-metallic 
steel-blue or green border. Eggs generally uniform yellowish-brown or cream 
color, occasionally sparsely spotted or blotched. 
Prevailing color bright ochraceous-rufous ; tail always rufous in the Middle 
and Southern States, occasionally gray on the Alleghany Mountains, and in 
Hew England States; usually gray in Eastern British America. Length, 
18.00 ; wing, 7.20 ; tail, 7.00. Hab. Eastern Province of North America. 
( Partridge ; Pheasant; Ruffed Grouse.) var. umb ellus. 
Prevailing color bluish-ashy; tail always pale ash. Hab. Rocky Moun- 
tains of United States, and interior regions of British America, to the Yukon. 
{Gray Grouse.) . var. it mb ell aides . 
Prevailing color dark ferruginous; tail always dark ferruginous near 
the coast, occasionally dark gray in mountainous regions. Hab. North- 
west coast region (Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, etc.). {Oregon 
Grouse. ) var. sab ini. 
“ Genus XiAGOPUS, Yieillot. (Page 108.) 5S * 
Common Characters. Plumage of various shades of gray, brown, or rufous 
during summer ; in winter very generally becoming pure white, with or without 
a black loral stripe and black tail-feathers. Eggs strongly marked, of a deep 
reddish or reddish-cream' color, with well-marked crowded blotches of dark pur- 
ple, claret, or brown (sometimes wood-brown) ; eggs perhaps more gray in 
leucurus. Iris brown. Females considerably smaller than males. 
A. Tail-feathers always with more or less black. 
1. L. albus. Bill large, stout ; the length from the nasal groove less, or not 
more, than the height through the base. Male in winter without black 
stripe on lores. 
Summer. Male (Fort Anderson, September 8). Head, neck, and 
jugulum deep cinnamon-rufous ; whole upper parts (except wings) 
paler, more fulvous, brown broadly and closely barred with black. Top 
of head spotted with black, and the jugulum and neck with scattered 
bars of the same. Length, 15.50; wing, 7.50; bill, .40 from nostril, 
and .35 deep. Female (Fort Anderson, June, 1865). Entire plumage 
(except wings, tail, and legs) fulvous-buff, heavily spotted and barred 
above, and regularly barred beneath, with black. Hab. Northern 
Europe and northern North America. ( Willow Grouse ; White Par- 
tridge .) var. albus . 
2. L. mutus. Bill small, slender, the length from the nasal groove to the tip 
decidedly more than the height through the base. Male in winter with a 
black stripe on the lores. 
£ in summer with uniform black feathers on the breast; autumnal 
plumage bluish-gray, mottled. Hab. Northern Europe. {Ptarmigan) 
var. mutus. 
