Freshwater Jellyfish Occurrence 
93 
Evidence of this animal’s successful spread throughout other drain- 
ages in North America is limited. The only watersheds in North Amer- 
ica where reports indicate a widespread distribution of the medusae are 
the Kentucky River in Kentucky (Garman 1916, 1922, 1924; Payne 
1925, 1926) and in the Potomac and James rivers in Virginia, Maryland, 
and the District of Columbia (Lytle 1960). The distribution pattern of 
C. sowerbyi in the Tennessee River system resembles the pattern in 
these North American rivers, as well as that of the Yangtze River in 
Asia, and represents one of the few examples in North America of 
watershed colonization, rather than isolated occurrence, of C. sowerbyi. 
LITERATURE CITED 
Chadwick, C. S., and H. Houston. 1953. A “bloom” of freshwater medusae 
Craspedacusta ryderi (Potts) in Kentucky Lake, Tennessee. J. Tenn. Acad. 
Sci. 28:36-37. 
Garman, H. 1916. The sudden appearance of great numbers of freshwater 
medusae in a Kentucky creek. Science 44(1 146):858-860. 
. 1922. Freshwater coelenterata in Kentucky. Science 56(1458):664. 
. 1924. The freshwater jellyfish ( Craspedacusta sowerbyi) in Ken- 
tucky again. Science 60:477-478. 
Graser, L. F. 1977. Selectivity of larval fish gear and some new techniques for 
entrainment and open water larval fish sampling. Page, 56-71 in Proceed- 
ings of First Symposium on Freshwater Larval Fish, 1977, L. L. Olmsted, 
editor. Duke Power Company, Huntersville, N.C. 
Hargitt, C. W. 1919. Distribution of the freshwater medusa, Craspedacusta, in 
the United States. Science 50:413-415. 
Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A treatise on limnology, introduction to lake biology 
and the limnoplankton. Vol. 2. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 
Isom, B. G., and R. M. Sinclair. 1962. Freshwater coelenterates in Tennessee, 
New distribution records for: I. Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester 1880. II. 
Cordylophora lacustris Allman 1871. Publ. No. 9 Tenn. Stream Pollution 
Control Board. 
Kramp, P. L. 1950. Freshwater medusae in China. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 120 
(Part I): 165-1 84. 
Lytle, C. F. 1960. A note on the distribution patterns in Crapedacusta. Trans. 
Am. Microsc. Soc. 79:461-469. 
. 1962. Craspedacusta in the southeastern United States. Tulane 
Stud. Zool. 95:309-314. 
Payne, F. 1925. The hydroid of Craspedacusta ryderi in Kentucky. Science 
62( 161 0):42 1 . 
. 1926. Further studies on the life history of Craspedacusta ryderi, a 
freshwater hydromedusan. Biol. Bull. 50(6):433-443. 
Pennington, W. L., and J. W. Fletcher. 1980. Two additional records of Cras- 
pedacusta sowerbyi Lankester in the Tennessee river system. J. Tenn. Acad. 
Sci. 55:31-34. 
