American Toad in Northern Virginia 
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Age (yr) 
Fig. 2. Age (estimated) distributions for the Eakin Park, Fairfax Co., Va., 
population of breeding toads from 1983 through 1985. Males are plotted above 
the horizontal line, females (stippled) below the line. 
amplexus, we assumed that our sample contained all adults. Male (N = 
51) SVL averaged 64.8 mm (51.1-74.3, SD = 4.76), and female (N = 10) 
SVL averaged 82.3 mm (71.4-92.6, SD = 7.30). The males in amplexus 
(N = 9) had a mean of 64.5 mm SVL (51.5-71.4, SD = 6.51); the females 
in amplexus (N = 9) had a mean of 80.6 mm SVL (71.4-92.6, SD = 7.58). 
In 1983, the four amplectic males were three (N = 3) and four years old; 
the five amplectic males in 1984 were 2 (N = 2), 3 (N = 2), and 4 years 
old. No amplexus was observed in 1985. The females were 4-5 years in 
1983-84. 
Physical Environment and Breeding 
Dates of first breeding. First breeding, i.e. presence of amplectic 
pairs, was observed on 8 April 1983, 5 April 1984, and 28 March 1987. 
On 29 March 1985, males were calling and several females were observed 
