100 
Rose, Everton, Stankavich, and Walke 
however, P. 1. leucopus remained most common, as seen in the nest-box 
study (Table 1). In the live-trap study, most of the P. /. leucopus also 
were trapped at the edges of the grids, i.e. in the ecotone. 
In conclusion, these studies showed the supposedly rare Dismal 
Swamp subspecies of S. /. fisheri and S. c. helaletes to be widespread 
and locally abundant. However, S. I fisheri is affected by interbreeding 
with a nearby upland race and now is listed as threatened by the 
USFWS. Our studies nearly double the amount of information for 
small mammals in the Dismal Swamp, documenting one additional 
species {S. hispidus ) and one probable loss ( P . gossypinus) in this 
century. The slightly higher catch rate (= abundance) and greater numbers 
of species from nonforested habitats suggest that any management plan 
that creates clearings or other vegetational heterogeneity will promote 
the diversity and abundance of small mammals in the Dismal Swamp. 
Fortunately, the management plan recently developed for use in the 
Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge calls for the implementa- 
tion of such management measures. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . — We acknowledge the support of these 
studies by a grant (No. 81-602) to Old Dominion University (R. Rose, 
Principal Investigator) from the USFWS Office of Endangered Species, 
and the cooperation of the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife 
Refuge office, particularly M. Keith Garrett, Wildlife Biologist. We also 
thank Sharon Everton, Dave Harrelson, Dave Stankavich, Karen 
Terwilliger, Janet Walke, and Tom Wilcox for assistance. 
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