Freshwater Molluscan Fauna 
105 
channelized to its confluence with the Cape Fear River and has changed 
from a freshwater system to an intermittently brackish one. 
HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 
Documentation of the historical occurrence of species in the lake 
was taken from published literature. Records from unpublished collections 
in museums and universities were not sought. In summarizing her 
private collection of North Carolina freshwater mollusks plus those in 
the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and in the Museum of 
Zoology of the University of Michigan, Dawley (1965) provided several 
Greenfield Lake citations of both bivalves and gastropods. However, 
this work was not exhaustive, as major mollusk collections, such as 
those at Harvard University and the National Museum of Natural 
History, were not searched. Early in this century, Bartsch searched for 
Planorbis magnificus (Pilsbry, 1903), which had been first described 
from “the lower Cape Fear River.” He found that snail to be fairly 
abundant in the lake; discovered and described another new planorbid, 
Planorbis eucosmius (Bartsch, 1908); and noted but did not describe 
two other apparently new mollusks. Bartsch’s (1908) discussion of the 
habitat of P. magnificus provides the only available description of the 
aquatic macrophyte community in Greenfield Lake early in this century. 
Rehder (1949) reported Campeloma rufum (Haldeman, 1841) from the 
lake in his discussion of land and freshwater snails collected during his 
travels through the region. Walter (1954) reported Pseudo sue cine a 
columella (Say, 1817) from the lake in his discussion of the range of the 
species but did not disclose the source of the record. Porter (1985) 
reported forms of Campeloma believed to be C. geniculum (Conrad, 
1834) from Greenfield Lake and mentioned other species of gastropods 
reported by Dawley (1965). 
Records of Bivalvia from Greenfield Lake deal principally with the 
Unionidae and were summarized by Johnson (1970), who recorded eight 
species from the lake or the creek below the spillway: Lampsilis radiata 
(Gmelin, 1791), Villosa delumbis (Conrad, 1834), Villosa vibex (Conrad, 
1834), Anodonta couperiana (Lea, 1842), Anodonta imbecillis (Say, 
1829), Uniomerus tetralasmus (Say, 1831), Elliptio complanata (Lightfoot, 
1786), and Elliptio lanceolata (Lea, 1828). Elliptio fisherianus (Lea, 
1838) was recorded from the lake by Bailey (1940), and Morrison (1972) 
mentioned that Anodonta imbecillis, A. couperiana, and A. teres (Conrad, 
1834) occur there. Porter (1985) reported Anodonta cataracta (Say, 
1817) and, in citing correspondence with J. P. E. Morrison, also 
reported E. fisherianus, A. teres, Villosa vaughaniana (Lea, 1838), and 
Lampsilis ochracea (Say, 1817) from the lake. Heard (1963, 1965) 
