men died, but that vile barbarous custom is yet alive, yea, in fresh vigour/’ His physiological arguments 
out of respect to the monarch, may he passed over without notice, in truth they are not worth abridg- 
ment, but his detail of the post mortem appearances of the body of an inveterate smoker, are too exquisite 
to be altogether omitted. “ Surely smoke becomes a kitchen farre better than a dining chamber, and yet 
it makes a kitchen oftentimes in the inward parts of men, soyling and infecting them with an unctuous 
and oyly kind of soote, as hath been found in some great tobacco takers that after their death were 
opened.” The monarch then enters into a pathetic expostulation with his loving subjects, and appeals to 
their patriotism, or rather national pride : “Now, my good countrymen, let us, (I pray you) consider what 
honour or policie can move us to imitate the barbarous and beastlie manners of the wild, godlesse, and 
slavish Indians, especially in so vile and filthy a custome. Shall we that disdain to imitate the manner of 
our neighbour, France, (haveing the style of the greate Christian kingdom,) and that cannot endure the 
spirit of the Spaniards, (their king being now comparable in largenesse of dominions to the greatest em- 
peror of Turkey ;) shall we, I say, that have been so long civill and wealthy in peace ; famous and invinci- 
ble in war; fortunate in both. We that have been ever able to aid any of our neighbours, (but never 
deafened any of their ears with any of our supplications for assistance ;) shall we, I say, without blushing, 
abase ourselves so far as to imitate these beastlie Indians, slaves to the Spaniards, the refuse of the worlde, 
and as yet aliens from the holy covenant of God ? Why do we not as well imitate them in walking naked 
as they do, in preferring glasses, feathers, and toys, to gold and precious stones, as they do ? yea, why do 
we not deny God, and adore the devils, as they do ? Have you not then reasons to forbear this filthie 
noveltie, so basely grounded, so foolishly received, and so grosslie mistaken in the right use thereof? In 
your abuse thereof, sinning against God, harming yourselves both in person and goods, and raking also 
thereby the markes and notes of vanitie upon you, by the custome thereof, making yourselves to be won- 
dered at by all forreine civill nations, and by all strangers that come among you, to be scorned and contemned; 
a custome loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmfull to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in 
the blacke stinking fume thereof, nearest resembling the horrible stigian smoke, of the pit that is bottom- 
less.” 
Of the sincerity of the royal anti-tobacconist there can be no doubt, if any reliance may be placed on 
energy of expression, or on his almost unequalled force of language. But notwithstanding all opposition, 
smoking and snuffing have spread not only through polished, but savage countries ; and instead of being 
“ sqorned and contemned by strangers,” and “ wondered at by all forreine civill nations,” the English now 
are countenanced, nay, not only equalled, but exceeded, in the custom by many other people ; for, during 
the reign of George III. the practice of smoking declined in this country, although since the peace it has 
been again in some part revived. 
“In Spain, France, and Germany, in Holland, Sweden, Denmark and Russia,” says a writer in the 
Asiatic Journal, xxij. 142, “the practice of smoking prevails among the rich and poor, the learned and 
the gay. In the United States of America smoking is often carried to an extreme excess. It is not un- 
common for boys to have a pipe or cigar in their mouth during the greater part of the day. The death of 
a child is not unfrequently recorded in American newspapers with the following remark subjoined : Sup- 
posed to be occasioned by excessive smoking. 
If we pass to the east, we shall find the practice almost universal. In Turkey the pipe is perpetually 
in the mouth ; and the most solemn conferences are generally concluded with a friendly pipe, employed 
like the calumet of peace among the Indians. In the East Indies not merely all classes, but both sexes, 
inhale the fragrant steam ; the only distinction among them consisting in the shape of the instrument 
employed, and the kind of herb smoked. In China the habit equally prevails. Barrow states that, every 
Chinese female, from eight to nine years old, wears as an appendage to her dress, a small silken purse or 
pocket to hold tobacco, and a pipe, with the use of which many of them are not unacquainted at this 
tender age. 
That excessive smoking is injurious, like excessive indulgence of any other kind, there is no doubt, 
and those who are guilty of such excess must expect to suffer for their imprudence or their folly ; but 
that there is anything peculiarly injurious in the use of Tobacco, whether chewed, smoked, or snuffed, 
remains to be proved. The evidence on the contrary, would seem to shew that it is one of the less in- 
jurious excitants and sedatives. Dr. Thompson observes, that in the snuff manufactories of France,, 
where 4,000 persons are employed, and where from their constant exposure to the influence of Tobacco, 
to a much greater extent than the consumers can be, it has been ascertained that they live as long, and 
are as healthy as manufacturers in general. Such being the facts, putting all prejudice aside, and believing 
from accumulated evidences, the pleasurable sensations which the slight stimulus of a pinch of snuff gives 
