CITRUS LIMONUM. THE LEMON TREE. 
Class XVIII. P O L Y AD E L P H I A. Order III. ICOSANDRIA. 
Natural Order, AURANTIACE/E. THE ORANGE TRIBE. 
It is supposed that the genus Citrus has derived its.name from the town Citron, in Judea, but this is very 
doubtful. The most remarkable varieties of the Lemon in English gardens are, 1st Common Lemon, 2nd Pear- 
shaped Lemon, fruit small with very little juice, 3rd Imperial Lemon, (the fruit of this variety is sometimes 
imported from Italy, but mostly from Spain and Portugal,) 4th Furrowed Lemon, 5th Childing Lemon, 6th 
Double flowered Lemon, 7th Broad leaved Lemon, 8th Chinese Lemon, 9th Rough fruited Lemon, 10th 
Smoothed leaved Lemon, 11th Gold and silver striped Lemon, 12th Upright Lemon, 13th Warted fruited 
Lemon, 14th St. Helena Lemon. Brown mentions this variety as having been introduced into Jamaica, and 
much cultivated there, on account of its large fruit, which frequently yields about a pint of juice; 15th Fingered 
Lemon. In China and other parts of the East, they have a remarkable variety of Lemon or Citron, which 
has a solid fruit, without any cells or pulp and divided about the middle into 5 or more long round parts, a 
little crooked, and having the appearance of the human hand, with fingers a little bent, whence the Chinese 
call it, phat theu or fingered Lemon. Culture. The species of Limoniawill thrive well in a mixture of loam 
and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung; ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand glass, in 
a moist heat. The Lemon flowers in May and July. Height from 8 to 20 feet. 
Amid the innumerable variety of vegetables (says a French author,) which is spread by the hand 
of the Creator over the surface of the earth, there are none which can be compared with the Citron tribes, 
which unite all the advantages of the most agreeable plants with those of the most useful, noble and regular 
in their form, possessing perpetual verdure in their foliage, beauty of colour and of smell in their flowers, a 
deliciously flavoured fruit, whose elegant form is adorned with the colour of gold; everything in fact, connected 
with these charming trees, is formed to delight the sight, to please the smell, and to gratify the taste. The 
property belonging to the citron tribe of bearing fruit and flowers at the same time, has been beautifully 
touched upon by Moore : 
Just then beneath some orange trees, 
Whose fruit and blossoms in the breeze, 
Were wantoning together, free, 
Like age at play with infancy, &c. 
The whole of the citrus tribe are evergreen trees or shrubs, with axillary spines and simple leaves, with 
their petioles usually winged. Flowers white and exquisitely fragrant but heavy. Fruit with a yellow rind 
and soft usually delicious pulp. In the districts toward the sea coast in the south and south west of Italy, 
especially about Sorento and Amalfi, you meet not only with groves of orange and lemon trees, but almost 
with forests. Lemon trees were first grown in Britain, in the Botanic Garden at Oxford in 1648. They 
have been cultivated in the open air in England, and for a hundred years they have been seen in a few 
gardens in the south of Devonshire, trained as peach trees against the walls, and sheltered only with mats 
of straw during the winter. The fruit of these is stated to be as large and fine as any from Portugal. 
The Portuguese had many of the most curious sorts of Lemons, brought from the Indies formerly, which 
seemed to thrive almost as well there as in their native soil, and yet they have not been increased. There 
are a few trees still remaining in some neglected gardens near Lisbon, almost unnoticed by the inhabitants. 
(Martin.) 
The useful parts of the lemon are the juice and the outward rind of the fruit, and the volatile oil of the 
rind. The juice of lemons is analogous to that of the orange, from which it only differs in containing more 
citric acid, and less syrup. The quantity of the former is indeed so great, that the acid has been named 
from the fruit, acid of lemons, and is always prepared from it. The simple expressed juice will not keep on 
