26 
John R. Holsinger and David C. Culver 
Crangonyx antennatus is recorded from numerous caves in the 
Powell Valley and the middle and lower parts of the Clinch Valley (Fig. 
10, 13B). It is the most common and, after Stygobromus mackini , most 
widespread troglobitic amphipod in Virginia and eastern Tennessee. Its 
range, which needs further evaluation in view of morphological variation, 
extends south of the study area through eastern Tennessee into 
northwestern Georgia and northern Alabama and then westward to 
south-central Tennessee (see Holsinger 1969a, 1972, 1986a, 1986b). In 
addition to caves, C. antennatus has been collected occasionally from 
surface springs or seeps, including Spout Spring in Lee County 
(Holsinger 1969a). 
Gammarus minus is recorded from caves, springs, and small spring- 
fed streams, principally in karst regions of the eastern and east-central 
United States (see Holsinger and Culver 1970; Holsinger 1969a, 1972; 
Stock 1986). In the study area this species is abundant only in caves of 
the Ward Cove karst area (upper Clinch drainage) in Tazewell County 
(Fig. 10). Here a majority of the populations have developed a trog- 
lomorphic facies referred to as Form I in an earlier paper (Holsinger 
and Culver 1970). Within the study area, G. minus is more widespread 
in springs than in caves and is recorded from the former habitat in the 
Tennessee counties of Claiborne, Hancock, and Sullivan, and the Virginia 
counties of Alleghany, Bath, Botetourt, Craig, Frederick, Lee, Mont- 
gomery, Pulaski, Russell, Scott, Shenandoah, Tazewell, Washington, 
and Wythe. 
Family Crangonyctidae 
Bactrurus sp. (TB) 
Tennessee. — Claiborne Co.: Kings Saltpetre and Saur Kraut caves. 
Virginia. — Lee Co.: Cumberland Gap Saltpetre Cave. 
Crangonyx antennatus Packard (TB) 
Tennessee. — Campbell Co.: Meredith Cave. Claiborne Co.: Buis 
Saltpetre, Chadwells, English, Hauser Spring, John Lard, Kings 
Saltpetre, and Station Creek caves. Grainger Co.: Horseshoe 
Cave. Hancock Co.: Cantwell Valley, Fairmont School, and 
Subers caves. Hawkins Co.: Pearson Cave. Sullivan Co.: Morrills 
Cave. Union Co.: Oaks, Wolf, and Wrights caves. 
Virginia. — Lee Co.: Baileys, Bowling, Cave Springs, Cedar Hill, 
Chances, Combs No. 1, Cope, Crouse, Cudjos (Cavern), 
Cumberland Gap Saltpetre, Frazier, Gallohan No. 1 and 2, 
Garretts, Gibson-Frazier, Gilliam, Glen Olingers, Golf Course 
No. 1 and 2, Gregorys, Jones Saltpetre, Knapper, Lesters, Litton 
No. 1, Lucy Beatty, McClure, Minors Saltpetre, Molly Wagle, 
Mount Moriah Pit, Olinger, Roadside No. 1, Seal, Slemp, Smiths 
Milk, Spangler, Sweet Potato, Taylor Pit, Thompson, Thompson 
