34 
John R. Holsinger and David C. Culver 
Holsinger et al. 1976, McDaniel and Smith 1976, Peck and Lewis 1978). 
Five subspecies have been designated by Schultz (1970), of which 
three — leensis , scottensis , and hancockensis — occur in southwestern 
Virginia and northeastern Tennessee. 
Cylisticus convexus (family Oniscidae), a common epigean species 
throughout the United States, has been found in a few Virginia caves 
and is also reported from caves elsewhere in the southeastern and south- 
central parts of the country (see Schultz 1970, Franz and Slifer 1971, 
Holsinger and Peck 1971, Peck and Lewis 1978, Hobbs and Flynn 
1981). 
Cavernicolous trichoniscid isopods are usually found on damp to 
wet, decomposing wood. Six species in four genera are recorded from 
caves in the study area. Three of these species are troglobites (Fig. 14): 
Amerigoniseus henroti (Fig. 3 IE) from caves in central Lee County 
(Holsinger 1967b, Vandel 1977), A. paynei from caves in the Clinch 
Valley of eastern Tennessee (Muchmore 1970a), and Miktoniscus r. 
racovitzai from caves in the James and Shenandoah river drainage 
basins (Vandel 1965a). 
Vandel (1977) considered A. paynei Muchmore (1970a) synonymous 
with A. nicholasi , a species described earlier by Vandel (1965a) from 
Columbia Caverns in middle Tennessee just west of Nashville in Dickson 
County. In our opinion, however, the small morphological differences 
between this population and those from eastern Tennessee noted by 
Muchmore (1970a), combined with the rather wide geographic separation 
of the populations, provides a good reason for the recognition of two 
separate species. 
Outside the study area. Miktoniscus r. racovitzai is reported from 
Slacks Cave in Scott County, Ky., by Vandel (1965a); and a second 
subspecies, M. r. oklahomensis, was designated by Vandel for a single 
cave population in Murray County, Oklahoma. The systematic status of 
these populations is questionable, in view of their disjunct distributions, 
and should be carefully reevaluated. 
The non-troglobitic trichoniscids include: Haplophthalmus danicus , 
recorded from caves and epigean localities throughout a large part of 
North America and also found in Europe (see Vandel 1965a. Holsinger 
et al. 1976); Miktoniscus medcofl (synonym = M. alabamensis Muchmore; 
see Muchmore 1964, Schultz 1976), recorded from many caves in the 
southeastern United States; and Trichoniscus pusillus, a common epigean 
species occasionally found in caves (see Holsinger et al. 1976). 
Suborder Asellota 
Family Asellidae 
Caecidotea (species listed by groups as indicated) 
