Invertebrate Cave Fauna 
39 
Comments. — This species is also recorded from Hill and Offutts 
(type locality) caves just south of the study area in Anderson 
County and may also inhabit Melton Hill Cave No. 1 in Roane 
County, Tenn. (see Muchmore 1970a). 
Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund (TP or TX) 
Virginia. — Lee Co.: Ruths Cave. Page Co.: Luray Caverns. Pulaski 
Co.: James Cave. Roanoke Co.: Goodwins Cave. Rockbridge 
Co.: Showalters Cave. Rockingham Co.: Massanutten Caverns. 
Russell Co.: Banners Corner Cave. Tazewell Co.: Wagoners 
Cave. 
Miktoniscus medcofi (Van Name) (TP or TX) 
Virginia.— Alleghany Co.: Lowmoor Cave. Giles Co.: Smokehole 
Cave. Rockbridge Co.: Buck Hill Cave. 
Miktoniscus racovitzai racovitzai Vandel (TB) 
Virginia. — Alleghany Co.: Island Ford and Lowmoor caves. 
Botetourt Co.: Peery Saltpetre Cave. Page Co.: Luray Caverns 
(type locality). Rockbridge Co.: Buck Hill Cave. Shenandoah 
Co.: Shenandoah Caverns. 
Miktoniscus spp. 
Tennessee. — Campbell Co.: Norris Dam Cave. Sullivan Co.: Bristol 
Caverns. 
Virginia. — Washington Co.: Hall Bottom Cave No. 1. 
Comments. — These populations may be referable to M. medcofi 
after further study. 
Trichoniscus pusillus Brandt (TX) 
Virginia. — Augusta Co.: Staunton Quarry Cave (?). Lee Co.: Cudjos 
Cavern. Tazewell Co.: Wagoners Cave. Washington Co.: Hall 
Bottom Cave No. 1. 
Order Decapoda 
The only decapod crustaceans recorded from caves in Virginia and 
eastern Tennessee are crayfishes of the family Astacidae. Two species of 
the genus Cambarus are known: C. bartonii (s. lat.) and C. dubius (see 
also Hobbs et al. 1977, Holthuis 1986). The former is common throughout 
much of the eastern United States (see Hobbs 1972, 1974) and is often 
found in caves of the Appalachian region, where it is probably a 
troglophile. The latter, recorded only once from a cave in the study area, 
is apparently an accidental, inasmuch as it is normally found in burrows 
and not caves (Hobbs 1974). In caves C. bartonii is usually found in 
streams or stream pools. Individuals or whole populations may sometimes 
be quite pale, probably reflecting ecophenotypic rather than genetic 
changes (see Hobbs and Barr 1960). In addition to the caves listed 
below, there are many sight records for C. bartonii , especially from 
caves in the Powell and Clinch valleys where relatively large populations 
