80 
John R. Holsinger and David C. Culver 
in Grassy Cove, a karst island in the Cumberland Plateau some 80 km 
southwest of the study area (see Barr 1981a). Three of the four species 
of the tennesseensis group are recorded from caves just south of the 
study area in Anderson, Knox, and Roane counties (viz., P. paynei , P. 
pusillus , and P. tennesseensis). 
Although some species of Pseudanophthalmus may be sporadically 
abundant in a given cave, most are quite rare; and several species, such 
as those of the hubbardi group in the Shenandoah Valley, are known 
only from a few specimens collected over a period of many years. 
Cavernicolous carabids, especially Pseudanophthalmus , are typically 
found in damp to wet areas under rocks or around organic detritus. 
The non-troglobitic carabids from regional caves include species of 
Atranus , Bembidion, Patrobus, Platynus, Rhadine , Stenolophus, and 
Trechus. Perhaps the most common of these is Platynus tenuicollis , a 
troglophile recorded from caves in the eastern United States, the 
Ozarks, and Texas (Peck and Lewis 1978). Agonum {Platynus) reflexum, 
reported from caves in the eastern United States by Barr (1964), is now 
considered a synonym of P. tenuicollis (T. C. Barr, Jr., in litt.). 
Bembidion and Atranus may also be occasionally abundant. Both B. 
lacunarium and B. wingatei are recorded from Virginia caves; the 
former is common in caves in the central and eastern United States 
(Peck and Lewis 1978); the latter is reported from caves in eastern 
Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia (Barr 1964, Holsinger et al. 
1976). Atranus pubescens, a troglophile recorded from caves in the 
central and eastern United States (see Peck and Lewis 1978), is known 
from several Virginia caves. Rhadine caudata , a fairly widespread 
troglophile in caves in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee (Barr 1960b, 
1964; Holsinger and Peck 1971), was reported from a single cave in 
Virginia by Bolivar and Jeannel (1931). Trechus hydropicus canus, 
probably a trbgloxene, is recorded from a single cave in Lee County but 
is more common in surface localities at higher elevations in eastern 
Kentucky and southwestern Virginia (Barr 1979). 
Cavernicolous pselaphid and leiodid beetles are poorly represented 
in the study area in contrast to parts of the Cumberland Plateau and 
Interior Low Plateaus where they are more diverse and represented by 
numerous troglobites (Park 1960, Peck 1973). Only two troglobitic 
pselaphids are known from the study area: Arianops jeanneli and Batria- 
symmodes greeveri (Fig. 30). Both species are very rare, local endemics 
(see Park 1956, 1965; Barr 1974, 1987). The former has been found only 
once, despite several diligent searches in the type locality. These species 
may be edaphobites and not troglobites, but this remains to be 
determined. Other pselaphids include Batriasymmodes monstrosus, 
probably accidental, for which Poor Farm Cave in Lee County is the 
only documented cave record to date for this widespread epigean species 
