116 
John R. Holsinger and David C. Culver 
of the species exhibit the Appalachian Valley pattern, whereas 
only 13 are trans-Appalachian. Four are very widespread. 
The four very widespread species are the linyphiid spiders Bathy- 
phantes weyeri, Phanetta subterranea, and Porrhomma cavernicolum, 
and the collembolan Arrhopalites clarus. The spiders are recorded from 
caves throughout much of the eastern United States and apparently 
show little morphological variation (W. J. Gertsch, in litt.). The range 
of A. clarus, on the other hand, is disjunct, with cave populations re- 
stricted to the Ozark region and the Appalachians (Christiansen 1982). 
Trans-Appalachian species are recorded from caves on both sides 
of the Appalachian Plateau — in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge and 
eastern margin of the Appalachian Plateau on the east and Interior Low 
Plateaus and western margin of the Appalachian Plateau on the west. 
The taxonomic status of many of these species is unclear, and, as a 
result, their geographic distributions are questionable and in need of 
further study. The 13 trans- Appalachian species are the flatworms Geo- 
centrophora cavernicola, Sphalloplana chandleri, and S. percoeca; the 
terrestrial snail Glyphyalinia specus\ the amphipod Crangonyx anten- 
natus\ the aquatic isopod Caecidotea richardsonae\ the terrestrial isopod 
Miktoniscus racovitzav, the pseudoscorpion Hesperochernes mirabilis, 
the spiders Anthrobia monmouthia, Islandiana muma, and Nesticus 
carteri\ the collembolan Pseudosinella hirsuta ; and the dipluran 
Litocampa cookei. 
Appalachian Valley species are limited to the Appalachian Valley 
and Ridge province and closely associated karst islands on the eastern 
side of the Appalachian Plateau. There are basically two categories of 
Appalachian Valley species with respect to range: (a) species usually 
with moderately extensive ranges that inhabit caves in two or more of 
the faunal units in the study area and sometimes occur outside the 
study area, and (b) species known only from a single faunal unit in the 
study area. Species in the first category are the lumbriculid worm 
Stylodrilus beattiei; the aquatic snail Fontigens orolibas (s. lat.)\ the 
amphipods Gammarus minus (Form I), Stygobromus biggersi, S. 
cumberlandus, S. gracilipes, S. mackini, and S. morrisoni\ the aquatic 
isopods Caecidotea incurva, C. holsingeri, C. pricei, C. recurvata, and 
C. vandelv, the mite Rhagidia varia\ the phalangid Erebomaster 
acanthina; the spiders Nesticus tennesseensis, N. holsingeri , and N. 
paynei ; the millipeds Pseudotremia nodosa, P. tuberculata, Tricho- 
petalum packardi, T. weyeriensis, and T. whiter, the collembolans 
Pseudosinella orba and Sinella hoffmani\ the diplurans Litocampa spp. 
B, C, and E; the cricket Euhadenoecus fragilis ; and the beetles 
Pseudanophthalmus gracilis and P. hoffmani. 
The second category comprises 97 species, or 66% of the 146 cave- 
limited species in the study area. Except for the beetle Pseudanoph- 
thalmus potomaca (northern Highland County and southern Pendleton 
County, W.Va.), these species are indicated by an asterisk in the lists 
