Pseudanophthalmus from Appalachian Caves 
(Coleoptera: Carabidae): 
The Engelhardti Complex 
Thomas C. B ARR, J R. 
School of Biological Sciences, 
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 
ABSTRACT. — The engelhardti complex includes about 55 species of 
the cave beetle genus Pseudanophthalmus , here arranged in 7 species 
groups with the following new species described and illustrated. (1) 
ENGELHARDTI group: deceptivus, VA; wallacei, TN; nortoni, TN; 
fastigatus, GA; nickajackensis, TN / AL\ sequoyah, AL‘, steevesi, AL. (2) 
TEN NESSEENSIS group: pusillus, TN; paynei, TN; unionis, TN. (3) 
HIRSUTUS group: sericus, VA; paulus, TN; ventus, TN; assimilis, 
AL. (4) HUBRICHTI group: sanctipauli, VA; paradoxus, TN. (5) 
JONESl group: scutilus, TN\rogersae, seciusus, \ A\pallidus, TN; 
longiceps, VA/TN; thomasi, VA; cordicollis, VA. (6) HYPOLITHOS 
group: hypolithos, KY; scholasticus, KY; frigidus, KY; calcareus, KY; 
praetermissus, VA. (7) ALABAMAE group: georgiae, GA. Other tax- 
onomic changes are: P. delicatus Valentine, new status (full species), 
and P. virginicus, new combination for Aphanotrechus virginicus Barr. 
The species of the engelhardti complex occupy the Appalachian valley 
from Giles Co., Virginia southwest through east Tennessee to northwest 
Georgia and north Alabama, including karst “islands” near the eastern 
Allegheny front — Pine Mountain (KY/TN), Grassy Cove (TN), 
Sequatchie Valley (TN), Lookout Valley (TN/GA), and Wills Valley 
(AL). The hypothesis is offered that a majority of species groups of 
Pseudanophthalmus are descendants of lineages evolving in the Alle- 
gheny plateau and surviving in an Allegheny refugium during the 
( 
Pleistocene. 
The trechine cave carabids of eastern United States include 6 genera 
(Barr 1972) of which Pseudanophthalmus Jeannel, with an estimated 200 
species, is by far the largest and most widely distributed. The other 5 
genera — Neaphaenops, Darlingtonea, Ameroduvalius, Nelsonites, and 
Xenotrechus — encompass a total of only 10 or 11 additional species. 
This is the first in a series of detailed papers in which I intend to mono- 
graph Pseudanophthalmus . It deals with the species of the southern part 
of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province (hereafter called simply 
the “Appalachian Valley”) and of associated karst “islands” within but 
near the eastern edge of the Allegheny Plateau. 
About one-fourth of the genus (approximately 55 species) consists of 
an array of apparently related species which may be called the "''engel- 
hardti complex.” In this array presumed relationship among its compo- 
nent species is suggested by two apomorphic characters: (I) the apical 
recurrent groove of the elytron is elongate and bisinuate, and 2) the 
Brimleyana No. 5:37-94. July 1981. 
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