Appalachian Pseudanophthalmus 
43 
relatively abundant on wet, rotting wood of old bridges and walkways. It 
is sympatric and syntopic with two more widely distributed species, P. 
rotundatus {engelhardti group) and P.pallidus {jonesi group). At present 
this is the only known case in the entire Appalachian valley of three- 
species sympatry in the same cave. Normally (three earlier visits) P. 
engelhardti is 15 to 20 times more abundant than P. rotundatus, but on 
16 September 1979, at the end of an unusually wet summer, I took nine 
beetles in English Cave, five of which were P. rotundatus and four P. 
engelhardti. Pseudanophthalmus pallidus is known from small series in 
the Cedar Fork area a few kilometers south of English Cave, but collec- 
tions by at least five" different biospeleologists over the past fifty-two 
years have produced only a single specimen of P. pallidus from English 
Cave. 
Although Valentine (1945) suggested some form of sympatric specia- 
tion to explain coexistence of P. engelhardti and P. rotundatus, the more 
extensive range of P. rotundatus indicates allopatric speciation with sub- 
sequent dispersal and range overlap. The process of geographic specia- 
tion outlined by Barr (1967a) still appears to be the best explanation for 
species multiplication and divergence in Pseudanophthalmus . Invocation 
of other modes of speciation (e.g. chromosomal mutations resulting in 
aneuploid gametes in heterozygotes) is conceptually difficult and seems 
unnecessary to explain known distributions of related, sympatric species 
of anophthalmids. 
Pseudanophthalmus deceptivus, new species 
Fig. 5 
Etymology. — Latin, deceptivus, “deceptive.” 
Diagnosis. — Closely similar to P. engelhardti in habitus, pronotum 
cordiform with approximately right hind angles, humeri somewhat 
rounded, longitudinal striae rather feebly impressed, intervals weakly 
convex; aedeagus much more arcuate than that of P. engelhardti, apical 
blade deflexed and quite narrowly truncate in lateral view, much con- 
stricted and broadly expanded in dorsal view. 
Description. — Length of holotype and one paratype 4.0-4. 4 mm. 
Form moderate, about as in P. engelhardti', rufotestaceous, shining, 
pronotum disc with sparse micropubescence, elytral disc with dense but 
rather short pubescence, elytral microsculpture finely transverse. Head 
rounded or a little longer than wide (L/W 1.02-1.14), labrum singly 
emarginate; last segment of maxillary palp 1.3- 1.4 as long as penultimate 
segment; antenna 0.6 body length. Pronotum cordiform, 0.85 as long as 
wide, anterior angles small and subdued, sides quite shallowly sinuate in 
basal fifth, hind angles large and about right, basal angles small and 
