FLORA OF CANADA. 
11 
spicuus, Erigeron speciosus, Artemisia discolor , Arnica foliosa, Senecio 
lugens. 
Rocky Mountains Proper. — The lower parts of the mountains are 
covered with forest, composed chiefly of coniferous trees, viz.: Finns 
albicaulis , P. Mur ray ana, Psendotsuga mucronata, Abies lasiocarpa. 
In these woods, only a small number of shrubs occur, the most typical 
ones being Pachystima Myrsinites , Rhododendron albiflorum, Men- 
ziesia ferruginea, and, in open and springy places, Salix commutata , S. 
Barclayi. Except along the edges, in open spaces and along brooks and 
rivulets, the herbaceous vegetation of the Rocky Mountain forest is 
rather scant. The principal species typical of the forest are: Clintonia 
uni flora, Corallorhiza species, Epipactis Menziesii, Rubus pedatus, Pyrola 
species and other members of the ericaceous family. 
On the grassy slopes above the tree-line the vegetation is very rich 
in species, exhibiting the general characteristics of alpine vegetation. 
As typical species may be mentioned: Phleum alpinum , Calamagrostis 
purpurascens , Deschampsia atropurpurea , Poa paddensis, Poa Wheeleri 
and other grasses, Erythronium grandiflorum, Claytonia lanceolata, Caltha 
leptosepala , Aquilegia flavescens , Ranunculus Eschscholtzii, Leptarrhena 
amplexifolia, Parnassia fimbriata, Epilobinm Hornema?ini, Pedicularis 
bracteosa, P. racemosa, Valeriana Scouleri, Aster Engelmanni, Erigeron 
salsuginosus, Petasites frigida, Arnica latijolia, Senecio triangularis, 
Agoseris aurantiaca. 
Still higher up the apline flora is represented by a number of species 
of which the following ascend to the snow line: Juncus Mertensianus , J. 
Parryi , Salix nivalis, Claytonia megarrhiza , Anemone occidentals, Draba 
crassifolia, D. lonchocarpa, Smelowskia calycina, Physaria didymocarpa, 
Arabis Lyallii, Saxifraga ccespitosa , 5. Lyallii, Potentilla glaucophylla, P. 
dissecta, Dryas species, Astragalus alpinus, Oxytropis inflatus, Viola 
orbiculata, Phyllodoce empetriformis, Cassiope Mertensiana,Ge?itiana glauca, 
Phacelia sericea, Myosotis alpestris, Castilleja pallida , Solidago ciliosa , 
Aplopappus Lyallii, Erigeron aureus, E. jucundus, E. multifidus, Anten- 
naria lanata, A. racemosa, Saussurea densa, Crepis nana, Hieracium 
gracile. Here also grow a number of species which have their homes in 
the Arctic zone, e.g., Festuca ovinavar. brevifolia, Car ex rupestris, C. nar- 
dina, Kobresia Bellardii, Silene acaulis, Melandrium alpinum , Cerastium 
alpinum, Draba species, Cardamine bellidifolia, Potentilla nivea, Sibbaldia 
procumbens, Saxifraga oppositifolia, S . cernua, Arctostaphylos alpina, 
Androsace Chamaejasme. 
Selkirk Range.- — The Selkirks differ in many respects from the 
Rockies. Whilst the latter may be characterized as a chain of isolated 
mountains, the Selkirk range has more the character of a high level plateau 
from which the peaks rise. For this reason there are, in the Selkirks, 
