FLORA OF CANADA. 
13 
shrubs and herbs form an almost impenetrable tangle. This is especially 
true where Salal ( Gaultheria Shallon) or Devil’s Club ( Fatsia horrida ) 
are luxuriantly developed. 
Of trees characteristic of the valleys and the lowlands may be men- 
tioned: Picea sitchensis, Alnus oregona , Acer macrophyllum, A. circin - 
natum, Rhamnus Purshiana , and of shrubs: Salix lasiandra, S. sitchensis , 
S. Scouleriana, S. Hookeriana, Berberis Aquifolium, Ribes Lobbii, R. brac- 
teosum, R. sanguineum, Rubus spectabilis, R. parviflorus, Rosa species, 
Prunus species, Amelanchier florida, Osmaronia cerasiformis, Pyrus 
diversifolia , Fatsia horrida , Gaultheria Shallon, Vaccinium parvifolium, V. 
ovalijolium, Sambucus callicarpa. Although here classed as shrubs, 
Prunus, Pyrus , Amelanchier and the willows often become trees near 
the coast. 
The herbaceous vegetation is very richly developed. Of the great 
number of species characteristic of the region may be mentioned: Adian- 
thum pedatum, Lomaria spicant, Asplenium cyclosorum, Polystichum 
munitum , Aspidium dilatatum, Equisetum Telmateja, Agrostis exarata, 
A. microphylla , Trisetum canescens, T. cernuum, Deschampsia elongata, 
Poa Howellii, Glyceria pauciflora, Bromus, Fescuta and Elymus species, 
Carex cryptocarpa, C. dives, C. magnifica, C. macrocephala, C. Merlensii , 
Lysichiton camtschatcense, Fritillaria lanceolata, F, camtschatcensis, 
Erythronium giganteum, Maianthemum dilatatum , Trillium ovatum, 
Asarum caudatum, Nymphcea polysepala, Trauvetteria grandis , Ranun- 
culus occidentals, Coptis asplenifolia, Achlys triphylla, Dicentra formosa , 
Tiarella unifoliata, T. trifoliata, Tellima grandiflora, Leptaxis Menziesii, 
Aruncus acuminatus, Oenanthe sarmentosa, Stachys ciliata. 
Vancouver Island. — The interior and also the west coast of Van- 
couver island present, in general, the same botanical features as those 
characteristic of the Coast range just described. The southeastern 
part of the Island, however, is of a quite different botanical type. Here 
the growth is influenced by the comparatively small amount of precipitation 
and, as a result, the flora is ecologically more or less of a “dry belt” 
type. In addition, it is characterized by a number of species which belong 
to the Californian flora and occur nowhere else in Canada. Among the 
plants characteristic of the southeastern part of Vancouver Island may 
be mentioned: Tlookera hyacinthina, Camassia Leichtlinii , Olsynium 
grandiflorum, Hydastylus borealis, Quercus Garryana, Dentaria macrocarpa, 
Thysanocarpus curvipes , Lupinus and Trifolium species, Sidalcea Hender- 
sonii, Opuntia polyacuntha var. borealis, Godetia caurina, Boisduvalia 
densiflora , Gilia species, Scrophularia californica, Castilleja levisecla and 
numerous others. 
Dry Belts of British Columbia. — A few words may be said about 
the most important dry belts of British Columbia, including the Okanagan 
